Macromolecules & Enzymes
What macromolecule is made up of monosaccharides?
Carbohydrates
Prokaryotic cells lack what main organelle?
Nucleus
Where does the process of cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
The cell membrane is made up of what type of macromolecule?
Lipid/Phospholipid
What are the nitrogen bases for DNA?
A, T, C, G
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
5 carbon sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen bases
All cells contain what 4 things?
Ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm, cell membrane
What are the PRODUCTS of photosynthesis?
When material is moving from high to low concentration, it is considered what type of transport?
Passive
DNA replication produces two DNA strands that are "semi-concervative". What does this mean?
One new strand, one old strand
What are the three characteristics of an enzyme?
Specific, reusable, catalyst
You observe a single-celled organism that contains a mitochondria, cell wall and a golgi body. Is this a prokaryotic cell or eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic
If there is a chemical that destroys mitochondria inserted into a cell, what process will be stopped?
Cellular respiration
Water moving across a membrane is considered what?
Osmosis
Which process turns a DNA strand into a coded mRNA strand?
Transcription
What are the products of cellular respiration?
CO2, H2O, and ATP
What causes a stem cell to differentiate?
Gene activation/expression
Autotrophs can perform which process?
If a cell containing 35% salt is dropped into a solution that is 55% salt, what will happen to the cell?
It will shrink
Strands (1 vs 2), Nitrogen bases, Sugars (ribose vs deoxyribose)
Enzymes speed up reactions by doing what?
Lowering the activation energy
Which of the following is NOT with its correct function?
Nucleus--stores genetic information
Golgi--packages and transports molecules
Cell membrane--keeps all molecules out of the cell
Ribosomes--aid in protein synthesis
Cell membrane
What is the other term for anaerobic cellular respiration?
Fermentation
Large molecules need help getting into and out of the cell. How do they get through the membrane?
Channel proteins embedded in the membrane
Give this tRNA; AGC, what is the complementary DNA strand?
AGC