DNA structure
What is the proper name for DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What molecule is DNA related to?
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
How many strands does DNA split into each time a cell divides?
Two single strands
What is DNA transcription dependent on?
Complementary base pairing
What is Translation?
The process by which mRNA directs protein synthesis with the assistance of tRNA
What molecules help make up DNA?
Nucleotides
In simple words what is DNA?
A string of genes
What is DNA Replication?
The biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule
What is transcription?
the process by which DNA is copied to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis
Where does translation occur?
In the cytosol
What are the four types of nitrogen bases?
adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
What are the tree main functions of DNA?
Replication, Transcription, and Genetic information
Where does DNA Replication happen?
DNA Replication happens in all living organisms acting as the basis for biological inheritance
What happens if a gene encodes a protein?
the transcription produces messenger RNA
What happens in translation?
The messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide
What is a codon?
a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
What is the main function of DNA?
to encode the sequence of amino acid residues in proteins, using the genetic code
For the entire DNA to be replicated what needs to happen?
Enzymes need to continue on each strand creating a new polynucleotide molecule in order for entire DNA to be replicated
What are the four ways transcription is divided into?
initiation, promoter escape, elongation, and termination
What are the three phases of translation?
Initiation, Elongation, and Termination
About how many basis does the human DNA have?
3 billion bases
How does DNA dictate the functions of a particular cell?
by providing instructions and holding the code for proteins
What controls DNA replication?
the Watson-Crick pairing of the bases in the template strand with incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphates
What is the "transcription bubble"
The exposed, single-stranded DNA
What is the basic process of translation?
the addition of one amino acid at a time to the end of the polypeptide being formed