Genetics
Different versions of the same gene (example: purple vs. white flower color).
What is an allele?
What does AUG start codon code for?
Methionine
Similar structures in related species due to common ancestry (human arm vs. whale flipper)
What are homologous structures?
Technique used to make millions of copies of a specific DNA segment.
What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
Maximum number of individuals an environment can sustainably support.
What is carrying capacity?
Genetic makeup of an organism (the actual alleles present).
What is genotype?
Macromolecule category that includes both quick-energy sugars and high-energy fats.
What are CHO (carbohydrates and lipids)?
Structures in unrelated species that serve the same function but evolved separately.
What are analogous structures?
Enzymes that cut DNA at specific recognition sequences.
What are restriction enzymes?
Symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit.
What is mutualism?
Blending of traits where neither allele is completely dominant (red + white = pink).
What is incomplete dominance?
Reason enzymes stop working at very high temperatures.
What is denaturation (shape change)?
Type of natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype (example: faster gazelles).
What is directional selection?
Technology that allows scientists to precisely edit genes.
What is CRISPR?
Only about 10% of energy is transferred to the next level in this diagram.
What is an energy pyramid?
Both alleles are fully expressed at the same time (example: AB blood type).
What is codominance?
Organelles that originated from ancient bacteria according to endosymbiotic theory.
What are mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Type of selection that favors intermediate phenotypes (example: average baby birth weight).
What is stabilizing selection?
DNA created by combining genetic material from two or more different species.
What is recombinant DNA?
Tissue in plants that transports water and minerals upward from roots.
What is xylem?
Tool used to predict the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes.
What is a Punnett square?
Where the energy is stored in the ATP molecule.
The phosphate bond.
Process where females choose mates, leading to showy male traits
What is sexual selection?
Organism that has had its DNA altered in a laboratory.
What is a GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)?
Process by which plants release water vapor through leaves (part of the water cycle).
What is transpiration?