Definitions part 1
A reference to something
allusion
The use of words to express something other, and typically the opposite, than their literal meaning
Irony
War is peace.
Freedom is slavery.
Ignorance is strength.
-Orwell, 1984
Paradox
Then leaf subsides to leaf.
So Eden sank to grief,
So dawn goes down to day.
Nothing gold can stay.
-Frost
Allusion
When author's use these two devices, they require readers to make one of these.
What are the devices author's use?
What does the reader make?
euphemism, allusion
inference
Wit or sarcasm used to expose or discredit specific people, government, or society
Satire
A conversation between two or more characters
Dialogue
Mary Maloney, a devoted housewife who murders her husband, Patrick, with a frozen leg of lamb and cleverly feeds it to the investigating detectives.
-Dahl, Lamb to the Slaughter
Irony
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain uses mockery to point out hypocrisy and stupidity of racism of the American South.
satire
This literary device is often created by using this, as they both encompass using concepts in opposition
Paradox, irony
The substitution of an inoffensive term for a word or phrase that is offensive or taboo
Euphemism
The conclusion one makes using information presented and information already known
Inference
"What have I got in my pocket?" he said louder.
"S-s-s-s-s," hissed Gollum. "It must give us three guesseses, my precious, three guesseses."
"Very well! Guess away!" said Bilbo.
"Handses!" said Gollum.
dialogue
The priest was heavy with age
-Canterbury Tales, Chaucer
euphemism
Author's will use this, with characters' tone and word choice, to help show this, indirectly.
Dialogue
Characterization
When writers develop and reveal traits, motications, and inner psychology of their characters
Characterization
A phrase which seemingly contradicts itself
Paradox
"She was not a good-looking woman, my sister... Joe was a mild, good-natured, sweet-tempered, easy-going, foolish, dear fellow..."
-Great Expectations, Dickens
(Direct) Characterization
When charity collectors ask Scrooge to donate money for the poor, he responds: "If they would rather die, they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population."
-A Christmas Carol, Dickens
(Indirect) Characterization
When authors use this, they also rely on this to point of the ridiculous nature of their topic in opposition for what is expected
satire
irony
A short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident
Anecdote
An implied meaning of a word beyond the dictionary definition
connotation
And on a day we meet to walk the line
And set the wall between us once again
We keep the wall between us as we go
-The Mending Wall, Frost
Connotation
'I'll tell you a family secret,' she whispered enthusiastically. 'It’s about the butler’s nose. Do you want to hear about the butler’s nose?... Well, he wasn’t always a butler..."
-Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby
Anecdote
When authors use this substitution, they also rely on readers to understand this, and the way word meanings change based on context
euphemism
connotation