Application & Careers
Transgenic crops are an example of which domain of biotechnology?
Agricultural biotechnology.
What is the difference between disinfection and sterilization?
Disinfection is the removal of MOST microorganisms, while sterilization is the destruction of ALL microorganisms (including spores).
What pH range constitutes a base?
8-14
Why is the rough ER rough?
Ribosomes!
Amino acids.
What does PCR stand for?
Polymerase chain reaction.
What is the primary goal at a biotechnology company?
Provide a product or service that is useful to society and results in earnings.
What are the four colors in the NFPA diamond, and which hazards are they associated with?
1. Red = flammability
2. Yellow = stability/reactivity
3. Blue = health hazards
4. White = special hazards
Which elements are capable of forming hydrogen bonds?
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluoride, Nitrogen.
Which organelle is responsible for producing ribosomes?
Nucleolus.
Lipids are composed of which elements?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Why does DNA migrate to the positive end of the gel electrophoresis chamber?
The phosphates in the backbone are negative.
Where do scientists at public university laboratories get the majority of their funding?
Grants from industry, foundations, or the government.
Why should you never immerse the barrel of a micropipette OR turn a loaded micropipette upside down?
Doing so contaminates and/or damages the inside of the micropipette, leading to contaminated samples and poor precision and accuracy.
What is the purpose of a buffer?
To resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added to them.
Food vacuoles combine with which organelle in order to digest food?
Lysozymes.
What do you are call an extragenomic piece of DNA commonly found in bacteria?
A plasmid.
Which stain causes DNA to glow orange under UV light?
Ethidium bromide.
Most biotechnology R&D laboratory positions required which degree?
A 4-year / bachelor's degree.
Name the laboratory equipment whose purpose is to To measure and transfer very small amounts of liquid, i.e., less than 1 mL.
Micropipette(s).
Which equation is used when performing a dilution of a single solution?
M1V1=M2V2
Which structures do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?
Ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA.
Which level of protein structure remains even after a protein has been denatured?
Primary, i.e., the amino acid sequence.
How is DNA packaging different in eukaryotes compared to eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes have more DNA packed around histones inside a nucleus.
As soon as a potential product is identified, what is the next step in process development?
Research and development (of techniques to produce the product).
Name the laboratory equipment that rapidly rotates in order to apply centrifugal force to its contents, thereby allowing the separation of fluids and other molecules according to density.
Which equation is used when mixing two solutions of different concentrations?
M1V1 + M2V2 = M3V3
In eukaryotes, what happens to mRNA after it's been transcribed?
RNA processing (introns removed; poly A tail and 5' guanosine cap added).
What happens when a repressor binds to its operator?
Transcription is blocked/halted.
Which type of blot is used for DNA?
Southern blot.
Which department in a biotechnology company is product-oriented and focused on identifying quality issues in manufactured products that could affect customer satisfaction?
Quality control.
Which section of the MSDS contains recommendations on the appropriate response to spills, leaks, or releases, including containment and cleanup practices?
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
What amount of stock solution do you need to prepare 10 mL of a 1:5 dilution of a 1.5 M working solution?
2 mL
How many binding sites are in the ribosome and what are they called?
3; E, P, and A
Why is DNA replication considered semiconserative?
Because one strand of DNA is used as a template for the new strand.
What is the first step in genetic engineering?
Identify a molecule that can be improved/enhanced.