Strand 7.1
This law explains that an object will stay at rest or in motion unless acted on by a force.
Newton's 1st Law (Inertia)
Rocks that form from cooled magma or lava.
igneous rock
This is the basic structural unit of all living things.
cell
Offspring usually inherit genes from how many parents?
2
The preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms.
fossils
The more mass an object has, the more ______ is needed to change its motion.
force
Rocks formed from particles of other rocks or once-living things.
sedimentary rock
This jelly-like substance fills the inside of a cell and holds organelles.
cytoplasm
Even siblings can look different from each other due to this.
genetic variation
This scientist is known for developing the theory of natural selection.
Charles Darwin
When two equal forces act in opposite directions, the forces are said to be this.
balanced forces
Rocks that change due to heat and pressure inside Earth.
metamorphic rock
This organelle breaks down food to release energy.
mitochondria
The genetic material that carries information about traits.
DNA
This record provides evidence of how life has changed over time.
fossil record
A soccer ball accelerates more when kicked hard because of this law.
Newton's 2nd law
Where two plates move apart, it is called a __________ boundary.
divergent boundary
A group of similar cells working together forms a ________.
tissue
Genetic variation happens when this occurs during reproduction.
sexual reproduction
The study of embryos and their development.
embryology
A moving skateboard slows down because of this force.
friction
Fossils found in lower layers of rock are generally this.
older
Tissues combine to make these larger body parts.
organ
A change in a gene or DNA sequence.
mutation
Comparing embryos helps scientists understand how organisms are
genetically related
A magnet can attract a paperclip without touching it. This is because of what kind of force?
magnetic force
Volcanoes are often found at these types of plate boundaries.
convergent and divergent boundaries
This is the correct order of organization in a living organism.
cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism
A mutation that helps a species over generations can become this.
a beneficial trait (or adaptation)
Similarities in early embryos of fish, birds, and humans suggest this.
common ancestry
The force between two objects due to their electric charges.
electric force
This feature forms when one plate slides beneath another at a convergent boundary.
subduction zone
This body system transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
circulatory system
Farmers might use selective breeding to create cows that produce more of this.
milk or meat
Natural selection acts on these, not entire species at once.
individuals
Gravitational, magnetic, and electric forces are called this kind of force because they work without contact.
non-contact force
The movements of plates explain the distribution of these ancient clues from plants and animals.
fossils
When you run, these two systems work together to supply oxygen to your muscles.
respiratory and circulatory systems
mutation that gives bacteria resistance to antibiotics is an example of this.
evolution (or natural selection)
This phrase describes the idea that the best-adapted organisms survive and reproduce.
“survival of the fittest”
The resistance force you feel when moving through air or water.
drag (or air resistance)
The point inside Earth where an earthquake starts is called the ________.
focus
These two systems work together to move your hand when you touch something hot.
muscular and nervous systems
Organisms with more variation are more likely to survive changes in this.
environment
Humans, whales, and bats have similar bone structures in their limbs. These are called ________ structures.
homologous structures
When an object starts spinning due to an electric motor, energy is transferred from this type of source.
electrical energy
Water, carbon, and rock all go through this type of movement in Earth's systems.
cycling (or matter cycling)
These systems must coordinate to keep internal conditions balanced—a process known as ___________.
homeostasis
Humans can now change an organism’s genes using this.
genetic engineering
Homologous structures suggest a common what?
ancestor