Epi
Graphic plot of the distribution of cases by time of onset
Epidemic Curve
The percentage of people who are diagnosed with a particular disease and die of the disease…
Case fatality
The type of research design to evaluate the impact of a therapy, intervention, or prevention strategy
Intervention studies
This bias occurs when cases remember an exposure differently than controls
Recall bias
In addition to strength and linearity (dose-response), criteria for causality include: _________, ________, and _________.
Temporality, coherence (biological plausibility) and consistency?
Epidemiology is the study of the ________ and _________ of health and disease in human populations.
Distribution and Determinants
The reduction in risk of disease or outcome because of an intervention.
Efficacy
The measure of association determined by a clinical trial…
Relative Risk
This bias occurs when participants in one group are chosen and they are quite different than the other group...
Selection Bias
The ability of a test to correctly identify those who do not have a disease…
Specificity
This is also known as person-to-person contact…
Direct transmission
A measure you would compute if the mortality in two neighboring counties differ substantially and you are concerned that this is due to varying age distributions. You have stratum specific death rates available.
direct age-adjusted rate
Participants are randomized into two intervention groups, and after some time, the two groups change interventions…
Crossover clinical study
A bias created when records are more complete for the cases than the controls
Information bias
The relationship between a risk factor and a disease is different when stratified by a third variable. This finding suggests the third variable is a _______in the relationship between the risk factor and the disease …
Effect modifier (interaction)
This is a worldwide outbreak of disease with incidence rates greater than expected…
Pandemic
The formula [1/(rate in untreated) – (rate in treated) ] is used to compute
Number Needed to Treat (NNT)
This is a case-control study which uses participants from an established cohort…
Nested case-control
This reduces bias by limiting participants and researchers ability to know the assignment of experimental and control groups…
Double blind
An increase in exposure results in an increase in risk of disease describes this relationship…
Dose-response
Any systematic error in the design, conduct, or analysis of a study that results in a mistaken estimate of an exposure’s effect on the risk of disease…
Bias
A measure computed by the total number of deaths observed divided by the total number of deaths expected…”
Standardized mortality ratio
Using non-randomized selection, Group A receives an intervention, while Group B does not. Outcomes are measured before and after the intervention.
Concurrent comparison group
A form of selection bias that leads hospital cases and controls in a case-control study to be systematically different from one another…
Berkson's Bias
When working with screening tests, PPV and NPV are impacted by this____ whereas sensitivity and specificity are not…
Prevalence