Gavilo Sports Facts
Instead of watching cat or dog videos, Dr. Gavilo secretly watches _________ videos to lift her spirits.
What is ESPN?
City B has 9,000 residents and 285 deaths from heat-related illness. What is the CDR for heat-related illness / 1,000 for City B?
What is 32 persons per 1,000?
When you conduct two tests, either at the same time or one after the other, what are they called?
Sequential testing
Simultaneous testing
Research study design involves an assessment of the correlation between exposure rates and disease rates among groups.
What is an ecological study?
Dr. Gavilo's favorite Rugby team is from________ and their mascot is the _________.
What is South Africa and Springbok?
Reason we conduct age-adjusted death rates.
To permit fair comparisons across populations, we must remove the effect of differences in the composition of the populations we are comparing (ex. age adjustment).
What is the variation between those reading the test results?
10 extra points if you know the two calculations that assess this issue.
What is Inter-observer variation - reliability issue?
Tests: Percentage agreement and Kappa statistic
Bias because an association observed between variables on an aggregate level does not represent individual-level association
What is Ecological Fallacy?
What are dragon boating, kayaking, soccer, tennis, and arcade basketball?
Calculate the mortality from cigarette smoking during 2014 in men. No. of deaths from smoking-related cancers = 278,544 and number of U.S. residents at mid year in 2015 = 156.7 (millions)
What is 177.76 deaths / 100,000 deaths?
A mammogram was used to screen for breast cancer in 300 women with biopsy-proven breast cancer and in 600 age- and race-matched control women, all of whom showed no evidence of cancer at biopsy. The results of the physical examination were positive in 136 cases and in 165 control women. What is the sensitivity of the physical examination?
You cannot calculate PPV. What do you need to know?
What is prevalence?
Both prevalence and specificity impact PPV
Prevalence study that is an observational study designed to estimate the prevalence of a disease or exposure.
What is a cross-sectional study?
What are Dr. Gavilo's favorite sports team's two (2) colors?
What are green and gold?
The adjustment that eliminates the effects of any differences in age between two more small populations being compared is ________ and is based on ______ calculation.
What is indirect age adjustment based om the Standardized Mortality Rate calculation?
A mammogram was used to screen for breast cancer in 300 women with biopsy-proven breast cancer and in 600 age- and race-matched control women, all of whom showed no evidence of cancer at biopsy. The results of the physical examination were positive in 136 cases and in 165 control women. What is the sensitivity of the physical examination?
72.5% Specificity
To determine the prevalence of smoking among new students in a university, researchers conduct an anonymous survey at the first day of classes. They find that 22% of women and 28% of men were smokers. What type of study design was used?
What is a cross-sectional study?
Name the victorian poem that Nelson Mandela used as inspiration when he was imprisoned for 27 years, and that inspired the Springbok rugby team to a world championship?
What is Invictus?
Steps for direct age adjustment are.
What is...
Step 1: Calculate Age Specific Death Rate (ASDR) for each age interval.
Step 2: Calculate Expected Death Rate (EDR) based on weighted ASDR
Step 3: Calculate the Age-Adjusted Death Rate (AADR)
A mammogram was used to screen for breast cancer in 300 women with biopsy-proven breast cancer and in 600 age- and race-matched control women, all of whom showed no evidence of cancer at biopsy. The results of the physical examination were positive in 136 cases and in 165 control women. What is the sensitivity of the physical examination?
45% sensitivity
Why do we conduct case-control studies over cohort studies?
In the case that there are diseases?