Chronic Disease Epidemiology
The conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks
What are the social determinants of health
This toxic metal, once common in paint and gasoline, is especially dangerous for children’s brain development
What is lead
This commonly prescribed painkiller class can cause dependence and overdose if misused
What are opioids
This 19th-century physician is known as the “father of epidemiology” for removing a London cholera pump handle
Who is John Snow
This type of study follows a group of people over time to see who develops a disease
What is a cohort study
The “big four” chronic diseases are heart disease, cancer, lung disease, and this condition
What is diabetes
This tiny form of air pollution, smaller than 2.5 microns, penetrates deep into the lungs and bloodstream
What is PM2.5
This stimulant drug, often snorted or injected, increases heart rate and can lead to strokes or heart attacks
What is cocaine
This U.S. president had polio, bringing attention to disability and rehabilitation
Who is Franklin D. Roosevelt
This type of study compares people with a disease to those without to look for risk factors
What is a case-control study
The world's leading cause of death
What is heart disease
Rising temperatures and poor air quality from this global trend are making chronic diseases worse.
What is climate change
About 1 in 5 cancer deaths is caused by smoking this
What are cigarettes
Actor Chadwick Boseman’s death at age 43 drew attention to rising rates of this cancer in younger adults
What is colorectal cancer
This rate is calculated as new cases of a disease divided by the population at risk
What is an incidence rate
After heart disease, this is the world’s second leading cause of death
What is cancer
Extreme exposure to this environmental hazard is linked to a type of stroke, kidney disease, and higher mortality
What is extreme heat
This synthetic opioid is extremely potent and has driven a spike in overdose deaths worldwide
What is fentanyl
After publicly sharing her struggle with type 1 diabetes, this singer used her platform to raise awareness about chronic disease management
Who is Selena Gomez
This rate counts all existing cases of a disease in a population at a given time
What is a prevalence rate
Since 1980, cases of this condition have nearly quadrupled, with type 2 being most common
What is diabetes
This forever chemical, once widely used in flame retardants and plastics, accumulates in the environment and is linked to hormonal disruption
What are PFAS
This widely used psychoactive drug, legal in many countries, can cause dependence, liver disease, and accidents when misused
What is alcohol
This scientist developed the smallpox vaccine, the first vaccine ever created.
Who is Edward Jenner
This statistical test is commonly used to compare the averages of one or two groups to determine if there is a significant difference
What is a t-test