Levels of Prevention
What is Primary prevention?
preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
What is direct transmission?
The direct and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another
What is an active carrier?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism (pathogen) and who has done so for some time, even though the person may have recovered from the disease.
What is a Fomite?
an object such as a piece of clothing, a door handle, or a utensil that can harbor an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission
What is a case?
a person in a population who has been identified as having a particular disease, disorder, injury, or condition
What is active primary prevention
Prevention that requires behavior change on the part of the individual
What is Indirect transmission?
when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host, resulting in disease
What are healthy or passive carriers?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill or shown any of the symptoms of the disease.
What is a vector?
an invertebrate animal that transmits infection by conveying the infectious agent from one host to another.
In an epidemic, the first disease case in the population
What is passive primary prevention?
Prevention that does not require behavior change on the part of the individual
What is Airborne transmission?
when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection.
What are convalescent carrier?
Individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious.
What is a reservoir?
The habitat (living or nonliving) in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, multiplies, and on which it depends for
What is a secondary case?
Those persons who become infected and ill after a disease has been introduced into a population.
What is secondary prevention?
Prevention that is aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease
What is Vector-borne transmission?
when an arthropod conveys the infection agent. It does not cause the disease itself but is responsible for transmitting the pathogen to a host.
What are Incubatory carrier?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen, is in the beginning stages of the disease, is displaying symptoms, and has the ability to transmit the disease.
What is zoonosis?
an infectious organism in vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector.
What is a Index case?
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist
What is Tertiary prevention?
Prevention that consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage.
What is vehicle-borne transmission?
Fomites, food, or water that acts as a conveyance
What is an Intermittent carrier?
Individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease in different places or at different intervals.
What is a vehicle?
is a nonliving intermediary such as a fomite, food, or water that conveys the infectious agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host.
What is a suspect case?
an individual (or a group of individuals) who has all of the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition yet has not been diagnosed as having the disease, or has the cause of the symptoms connected to a suspected pathogen