Transmission
Transferring an infectious agent from one person to another person
What is direct transmission?
Measures taken to prevent a disease, disability, or disorder from happening at all
What is primary prevention?
A disease characterized with chills, fever, headache, backache, and blister-like sores; milkmaids were immune to this
What is smallpox?
This Greek person paved the way for the atomic theory; considered the "Father of Medicine"
Who is Hippocrates?
A microorganism that can cause disease
What is a pathogen?
An infectious agent that is spread through droplets or dust particles
What is airborne transmission?
This requires behavioral changes within the patient; the patient must take action themselves to prevent
What is active primary prevention?
What is cholera?
One of the major works published by this person is their classification of fevers—three different levels of fevers
Who is Thromas Sydenham?
The first case of a particular health event that is brought to the attention of an epidemiologist
What is an index case?
A person that has been exposed to a disease and has the ability to transmit it to others
Behavioral change does not take place by the individual
What is passive primary prevention?
A disease that is caused by a deficiency in a specific vitamin—characterized by spongy and bleeding gums, bruising, and extreme weakness; pirates were most susceptible
What is scurvy?
This person advanced, developed, and perfected the use of the microscope; they did NOT invent it
Who is Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek?
The infection is spread from one person to another
What is a propagated epidemic?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease but spreads it in intervals
What is an intermittent carrier?
These measures are focused on detecting disease early, before they can get worse
What is secondary prevention?
A bacterial infection that is characterized by continuous fever, diarrhea, and vomiting
What is typhoid?
This person invented the process of vital statistics—record keeping on a population
Who is John Graunt?
Focuses on the causes and effects of a certain health event
What is analytical epidemiology?
An object that harbors an infectious agent and can assist in transmitting
Fomite
This level of prevention is focused on delaying the progression of a disease, disability, or disorder
What is tertiary prevention?
An bacterial infection that range from skin ulcers to difficulty breathing; caused by Bacillus anthracis
What is anthrax?
This person published several works to the medical literature in order to spark change in hygiene and overall treatment of patients
Who is Flroence Nightingale?
Characterizing the distribution of health events; who, where, and when a certain event occurred
What is descriptive epidemiology?