Epidemiologic investigations
an epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent
What is a Pandemic
a person in a population who has been identified as having a particular disease, disorder, injury, or condition
What is a Case
the direct and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another
What is Direct transmission
contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism
What is a Carrier
preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
What is Primary Prevention
is the occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region
What is an Epidemic
a bacterium, virus or microorganism that causes disease
What is a Pathogen
occurs when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection
What is Airborne transmission
a nonliving intermediary such as a fomite, food, or water that conveys the infectious agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host
What is a Vehicle
aims to block the progression of a disease or prevent an injury from developing into impairment or disability
What is Secondary Prevention
to the ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people; continually prevails within a community
What is an Endemic
the first disease case in the population
What is Primary Case
when an arthropod (e.g., mosquito, flea, tick, lice) conveys the infection agent; it does not cause the disease itself but is responsible for transmitting the pathogen to a host
What is Vector-borne transmission
an invertebrate animal (e.g., tick, mite, mosquito, bloodsucking fly) that transmits infection by conveying the infectious agent from one host to another
What is a Vector
consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage
What is Tertiary prevention
refers to the ability of a program to produce benefits among those who are offered the program
What is Effectiveness
the first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist
What is Index case
it relates to fomites, food, or water that acts as a conveyance
What is Vehicle-borne transmission
the habitat (living or nonliving) in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, multiplies, and on which it depends for its survival in nature
What is a Reservoir
any attempt to restore an afflicted person to a useful, productive, and satisfying lifestyle
What is Rehabilitation
refers to the ability of a program to produce the desired effect among those who participate in the program compared with those who do not
What is Efficacy
an individual (or a group of individuals) who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition yet has not been diagnosed as having the disease or have the cause of the symptoms connected to the pathogen
What is Suspect Case
when a pathogen spreads using a host (e.g., fly, flea, louse, rat) as a mechanism for a ride for nourishment, or as part of a physical transfer process
What is Mechanical transmission
an infectious organism in vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector
What is a Zoonosis
requires behavior change on the part of the individual
What is Active primary prevention