Epidemiology
The study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in human populations.
What is "Epidemiology"?
Contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism.
What is a carrier?
How an infectious agent can be transferred from on person, object, or animal, to another.
What are the modes of transmission?
The process of an infection spreading from one host to the next.
What is the chain of infection?
Health promotion, health education, and health protection are the three main facets of this prevention.
What is primary prevention?
Epidemiologic investigations that involves the characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events, as well as finding and quantifying causes of health-related states or events.
What is descriptive and analytical epidemiology?
Typhoid Mary, Mary Mallon, was an asymptomatic carrier of the pathogen typhoid bacilli. This condition causes a presence to not be apparent because the carrier may not be sick.
What is a healthy carrier?
Sexually transmitted diseases (HIV/AIDS, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, etc.) are able to immediately infect a susceptible person through physical contact.
What is a direct transmission?
A pathogen leaves the reservoir through this step in order to spread through transmission.
What is the portal of exit?
What are lifestyle changes, community health education, school health education, good behavior changes, etc. ?
The occurrence of cases of an illness/specific health-related behavior/or events that excess of normal expectancy in a community or region. Occurred in the United State such as botulism, brucellosis, and plague.
What is an epidemic?
Individual that has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing pathogen over a period of time.
What is an active carrier?
An intermediate item allows for an agent to be transferred or carried to a susceptible host.
What is an indirect transmission?
Mucous membranes and/or wounds allow for the pathogen to infect a host.
What is the portal of entry?
Health screening and detection activities in order to identify disease.
Influenza follows this trend in outbreaks, in which the pattern of cases in the winter is consistent from year to year.
What is an endemic?
An individual can spread disease in different places and intervals.
Who is an intermittent carrier?
This type of transmission is seen in malaria when the Plasmodium protozoan parasite needs to complete its sexual development cycle.
What is Biological transmission?
A cause of a disease.
What is the agent?
Early screen detection of cancer may improve the effectiveness of treatment.
What is secondary prevention?
Victims of common-source epidemics have person-to-person contact with others and spread the disease, resulting in a propagated outbreak.
An infected individual that is in the beginning stages of the disease, who is displaying symptoms and is able to transmit the disease.
This infection may occur when a person sneezes, coughs, or talks, spraying microscopic pathogen-carrying droplets into the air that can be inhaled by susceptible hosts.
What is an airborne transmission?
Health care workers, patients, unvaccinated individuals are susceptible to disease.
What is a host?
What is tertiary prevention?