This establishes the linear chain of events so that exposure precedes the onset of illness.
100
If an association exists between a given exposure and outcome, the exposure is known as a what?
What is a risk factor?
100
A study in which the units of analysis are populations or groups of people, rather than individuals.
What is an ecological study?
100
The number of people that currently have a disease in a given population.
What is prevalence?
100
In statistics, this is a function of the observed sample results (a statistic) that is used for testing a statistical hypothesis.
What is a p-value
200
A type of prevention that involves treating or curing a disease once it is firmly established.
What is tertiary prevention?
200
The number of people who have been diagnosed and subsequently die from a disease.
What is case-fatality rate?
200
A type of study in which individuals are observed or certain outcomes are measured. No attempt is made to affect the outcome.
What is an observational study?
200
The number of new cases of a disease (indicates the risk of getting disease if you are exposed compared to those who have not been exposed).
What is incidence?
200
This type of study is known as the "gold standard."
What is a randomized control trial.
300
This type of prevention focuses on early detection and swift treatment of disease.
What is secondary prevention?
300
A type of bias that occurs when the selection of data is not representation of the true population.
What is selection bias?
300
A study that tests the hypothesis of association between an exposure and outcome of interest.
What is an epidemiological study?
300
Incidence is also known as___________
What is relative risk?
300
The study of the control, determinants and distribution of a disease or health outcome.
What is Epidemiology
400
The number of people that die from a specific disease compared to all deaths.
What is mortality rate?
400
This occurs when the observed result between a given exposure and outcome differs as a result of a third variable.
What is confounding?
400
A study in which a group of subjects, selected to represent the population of interest, is studied over time.
What is a cohort study?
400
Attributable risk
What is the percentage of risk due to the exposure?
400
A guide and minimum estimate of the uncertainty of a study's results.
What are confidence intervals.
500
This type of prevention focuses on general health promotion, risk factor reduction, and other health protective measures.
What is primary prevention?
500
An error in the design, conduct or analysis of a study that results in false data.
What is bias?
500
A study of persons with a disease (or other outcome variable) of interest and a control group of persons without the disease.
What is a case-control study?
500
A measure of association between an exposure and an outcome, representing the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure.
What is an odds ratio?
500
This reduces/eliminates both known and unknown biases, ensuring that unknown factors that influence prognosis are distributed in the same manner between the treated and untreated groups in a study.