Types of Cases
The first disease case in a population.
What is a primary case?
the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in human populations and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems.
What is epidemiology?
individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who has done so for some time, even though they may have recovered from the disease.
What is an active carrier?
transfer of a disease to a human by a vector.
What is vector-borne transmission?
The effort to prevent a disease or disorder before it happens
What is primary prevention?
What is secondary case?
What is an epidemic?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen but does not become ill or show any symptoms of the disease.
What is a healthy or passive carrier?
transfer of a disease via a particular vehicle, for example, needle use.
What is vehicle-borne transmission?
Activities aimed at health screening and early detection in order to improve the likelihood of cure and reduce the chance of disability or death.
What is secondary prevention?
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist.
What is an index case?
What is an endemic?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease at different places or intervals.
What is an intermittent carrier?
transfer of bacteria or viruses on dust particles or on small respiratory droplets that may become aerosolized when individuals cough, sneeze, or laugh.
What is airborne transmission?
What is tertiary prevention?
an individual (or group) who has all of the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed.
What is a suspect case?
the ability of a program to produce benefits among those who are offered the program
What is effectiveness?
An individual exposed to and who harbors a pathogen, is in the beginning stages of the disease, is showing symptoms, and has the ability to transmit the disease.
What is an incubatory carrier?
the direct and immediate transfer of an agent from a host/reservoir to a susceptible host.
What is direct transmission?
behavior change on the part of the individual that prevents a disease or disorder before it happens.
What is active primary prevention?
a standard set of criteria applied in a specific situation to ensure that cases are consistently diagnosed, regardless of where or when they were identified and who diagnosed the case.
What is case definition?
the ability of a program to produce a desired effect among those who participate in the program compared to those who do not.
What is efficacy?
An individual that harbors a pathogen and who, although is in the recovery phase, is still infectious.
What is a convalescent carrier?
Disease that results when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host.
What is indirect transmission?
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual in order to prevent a disease or disorder from occurring.
What is passive primary prevention?