Public Health Emergencies
What is a Epidemic
occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region
What is a Case
A person in having a particular disease investigated
What is a Carrier
Someone who can pass the disease on but does not have the disease themself
What is Modes of Transmission
How an infectious agent can be transferred to one another
What is Primary Prevention
Intervening before health effects occur
What is a Pandemic
A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world
What is a Case definition
Public Health officials determine whether or not a person's illness is included as a case outbreak
What is an Active Carrier
One who harbors a pathogenic organism for a clinical significant time and is able to pass the infection to others
What is Direct Transmission
An infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a host by direct contact
What is Active primary prevention
aims to prevent disease before it ever occurs
What is a Common source outbreak
A group of persons is exposed to an infectious agent or a toxin from the same source
What is a Primary Case
A person who gets the disease from an exposure and is the first case in the population
What is a Passive carrier
Those who never experience symptoms despite being infected
What is Indirect transmission
The transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated inanimate object
What is Passive primary prevention
does not require action for protection to occur
What is a Mixed Epidemic
The pattern of a common-source outbreak followed by a secondary person-to-person spread
What is a Secondary Case
A person who gets a disease from exposure to a diseased person (primary case) rather than the endemic itself
What is a Convalescent carrier
Those who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting to others
What is Airborne Transmission
Diseases spread through small respiratory droplets
What is Secondary prevention
screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages
What is an Endemic
A disease regularly occurring within an area or community
What is a Suspect Case
individuals with the lowest level of evidence that they have been infected with a disease
What is a Incubatory Carrier
Those who can transmit the agent during the incubation period before clinical illness begins
What is Vector-borne transmission
Infections spread by the bite of infected arthropod species
What is Tertiary Prevention
Prevention of complications in a person who has already developed disease