immunity
A teenager receives the MMR vaccine, and a newborn receives antibodies from the mother. Name the type of immunity in each case, in that order.
(hint: either active or passive)
What is active and passive immunity?
Type of transmission spread by direct physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible one, such as touching or kissing
What is direct contact transmission?
The three components of the epidemiologic triangle
what are agent, host, and environment?
An outbreak that occurs when there is an increased incidence of a disease beyond that which is normally found in the population. (ex. Outbreak of measles in NYC)
What is epidemic?
The normal respiratory rate range for a healthy adult
what is 12 to 20 respirations per minute?
Type of immunity a person develops during their lifetime, through infection or vaccination, rather than being born with it
What is acquired or adaptive immunity?
What is the term for Bed rails, stethoscopes, and doorknobs which are examples of inanimate objects that carry pathogens from one person to another
What are fomites?
Immunization breaks the link in this stage of the chain of infection (hint: pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, or susceptible host)
What is susceptible host?
constant and persistent presence of disease in a geographic region or population (ex: malaria in Africa)
What is endemic?
On the glasgow coma scale, this is the lowest possible score
What is 3?
Type of immunity that is the first line of defense, inherent protection present from birth, such as intact skin and mucous membranes
What is natural or innate immunity?
mode of transmission involving a living organism that carries the agent from one host to another (hint: examples include mosquitos, tick, fleas)
What is a vector (or vector-borne transmission)?
This model puts the host at the center, surrounded by biological, physical, and social environments (hint: it is a circle)
What is the wheel of causation?
ability of an infectious agent to invade the host and replicate
What is infectivity?
A post op patient who's been immobile suddenly develops sudden sharp chest pain, shortness of breath, and tachycardia while walking. What is a likely diagnosis?
What is pulmonary embolism?
Type of immunity acquired when a high percentage of a community is immune to an infectious disease.
(hint: starts with an "h")
What is herd immunity?
Name 3 methods of breaking the chain of infection at transmission?
what is hand hygiene, PPE, food safety, isolation/social distancing, respiratory etiquette (covering sneeze with elbow), airflow/ventilation, or cleaning/disinfection/sterilization?
This model emphasizes the concept of multiple causation and is often used to describe chronic diseases.
What is the web of causation?
Characteristics or events that have been shown to increase the probability that a specific disease or illness will develop (example: age, gender, smoking)
what are risk factors?
The APGAR score screens newborns from 0 to 10 to assess physical condition and need for resuscitation using these 5 criteria
What is appearance/color, pulse/HR, grimace/reflex, activity/muscle tone, respiration/cry?
Milkmaids who had cowpox were protected against smallpox, an example of this type of immunity, where exposure to one agent protects against a related one
(hint: starts with a "c")
What is Cross Immunity?
What is the order of steps for donning AND doffing PPE? (hint: there are 10 steps total)
What is hand hygiene, gown, mask, goggles, and gloves then gloves, gowns, goggles, mask, hand hygiene?
The 6 links in the chain of infection (hint: start at pathogen and end with susceptible host)
What are pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host?
severity of damage caused by the infectious agent
what is virulence?
Name the 11 rights of medication administration
(doesn't have to be in order, get 100 points for listing only the first 5 rights)
What is right medication, right patient, right dose, right route, right time, right reason, right assessment, right documentation, right response, right education, right to refuse?