the spread of infectious diseases
a sudden spike of disease rather than the expected within an area
What is an Epidemic?
the first disease case in the population
What is a primary case?
occurs when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a host, resulting in disease
When does an indirect transmission occur?
Person who has been exposed to and harbors pathogen even though they have recovered from the disease
What is an active carrier?
when a disease or disorder is prevented before it happens
When is something considered primary prevention?
when the result of an epidemic that has spread across multiple regions
When is an epidemic considered a Pandemic?
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist
What is an index case?
respiratory viruses, pertussis, pneumococcal pneumonia, diphtheria, rubella
What are some examples of Airborne transmission?
Person who harbors a pathogen and who although in the recovery phase is still infectious
What is a convalescent carrier?
some examples would be exercise, stop smoking, reducing dietary fat intake
What are some examples of active primary prevention?
when a disease is relevant to only a particular area
What is considered an endemic?
A person who becomes infected and ill after a disease has been introduced into a population and who is infected because of contact with the primary case
What is a secondary case?
mosquitos, fleas, tick, lice
What is responsible for Vector-borne transmissions?
Person who been exposed to a pathogen but has not become ill or shown any signs
What is a healthy carrier?
passive primary prevention
What type of prevention does not require behavior change?
when it rises from a specific source
When is something considered a common source epidemic?
when an individual has all the symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed
What is considered a suspect case?
involves an inanimate object that conveys an infectious agent to a host
What does a Vehicle-borne transmission involve?
Person who has been exposed and harbors pathogen in the beginning stages of the disease, displaying symptoms and can transmit disease
What is an incubatory carrier?
block the the progression of disease or prevent an injury from developing into an impairment or disability
What is secondary prevention aimed to do?
when infections are transmitted from one infected person to another
What is considered a propagated epidemic?
Ensures that cases are consistently diagnosed, regardless of where or when they were identified and who diagnosed the case
What does a case definition ensure?
biological transmission
What type of transmission involves the pathogen undergoing changes as part of its life cycle while within the host?
Person who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease in different places or intervals
What is an intermittent carrier?
limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease, injury, or disorder has already occurred and caused damage
What does tertiary prevention consist of?