Types of Cases
A person in a population who has been identified as having a particular disease, disorder, injury, or condition
What is a case?
Someone exposed and harbors a disease causing organism and has done so for some time, even though they have recovered
What is an Active Carrier?
An uninterrupted, immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another
What is Direct Transmission?
Preventing a disease before it happens
What is Primary Prevention?
A nonliving object that harbors an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission
What is a Fomite?
The first disease case in a population
What is a Primary Case?
Someone who is exposed and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill or shown symptoms of the disease
What is a Healthy Carrier?
An agent that is transferred by an intermediate item, organism, or process resulting in disease
What is an Indirect Transmission?
A type of primary prevention that requires behavior changes in the individual
What is Active Primary Prevention?
What is a vector?
The first disease case that is brought to the attention of epidemiologists
What is an Index Case?
Someone who is exposed to and harbors a pathogen, beginning the stages of the disease, displays symptoms, and has the ability to transmit the disease
What is an Incubatory Carrier?
An inanimate object that conveys an infectious agent to a host
What is a Vehicle-Borne Transmission?
A type of primary prevention that does not require behavior change from an individual
What is Passive Primary Prevention?
A habitat where the infectious agent lives, grows, multiplies, and depends on for survival
What is a Reservoir?
A person who has become infected and ill after a disease has been introduced in to a population and who is infected as a result of contact with the primary case
What is a Secondary Case?
Someone who harbors a pathogen and is infectious in the recovery phase of the disease
What is a Convalescent Carrier?
An exoskeleton animal that conveys the infectious agent
What is a Vector-Borne Transmission?
Prevention aimed at health screening and detection used to identify disease
What is Secondary Prevention?
An infectious organism in vertebrate animals that transmit to humans through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector
What is a Zoonosis?
An individual showing symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed as having the disease, or has the cause of the symptoms connected to a suspected pathogen
What is a Suspect Case?
Someone who has been exposed and harbors a pathogen and can spread the disease in different places and/or intervals
What is an Intermittent Carrier?
A pathogen that undergoes changes as part of the life cycle while inside the host, also before being transmitted to the new host
What is a Biological Transmission?
Prevention limiting any disability by providing rehab when a disease already occurred and caused damage
What is Tertiary Prevention?
A model of disease causation to help understand four interrelated factors contributing to disease
What is the Epidemiology Triangle?