The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems
What is epidemiology?
100
The organism having the exposure and then the disease.
What is the host?
100
The manner in which the disease moves to a new host.
What is the mode of transmission?
100
If primary prevention is used during prepathogenesis or incubation stage, then this level of prevention is used when the host begins to react to the agent or in the pathogenesis stage.
What is secondary prevention
100
Total deaths of infants in given year in population/
Total # of live births in same year in population
What is infant death rate
200
A type of study where investigators have control over the study design
What are experimental studies?
200
Any substance that can cause death, disease, or biological malfunction in a living organism
What is the agent?
200
This involves contact between a person with the disease and another person.
What is direct transmission?
200
This level of prevention may include rehabilitation or palliative care
What is tertiary prevention?
200
Number of people with a disease in a population at one point in time/
Total in the given population at same point in time
What is prevelance? ie prevelance of HIV in IV drug users
300
Who, what, where, when, person, place, and time.
What are questions answered by epidemiological studies?
300
According to the epidemiology model, this is needed for disease to happen?
What is the interaction of the agent, host, and environment
300
Touching, skin to skin contact, and sexual intercourse.
What are types of direct transmission?
300
Reasonable evidence there is a connection between an agent and disease.
What is association?
300
Number of new cases of a disease in population in given time
What is incidence
400
Surveillance, screening, outbreak investigation, assessment of causation
What are 4 core public health processes used in epidemiology?
400
This can move between an agent and host, causing spread of the disease.
What is a vector? ie a tick or mosquito
400
Transmission that includes a vector or vehicle such as contaminated water, or air borne.
What is indirect contact?
400
Interpretation is critical and is based on strength of association, consistency, temporality, biological plausibility, and concentration gradient
What is causation?
400
Total deaths from a specific cause in a year in a population subgroup/
Average total population subgroup for the same year
What is specific mortality rates?
500
Analytical and descriptive studies
What are the 2 types of observational studies?
500
Breaking at least one of the sides of the triangle--disrupting the connection between the environment, the host, and
the agent, and stopping the continuation of disease
What is the goal of an epidemiologist?
500
The unknown transmission mode of HIV in the 1980s led to this positive commonly used medical precaution.
What are universal precautions?
500
A model used when there are many indirect and direct causes (often including the DOH) related to the health issue.
What is a web of causation?
500
Total deaths from any cause in a given year in a population/
Average total population for the same year