The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems
What is epidemiology?
100
An organism in which disease occurs.
What is the host?
100
A measure that takes into account premature death and loss of healthy life due to disability
What are Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)?
100
If primary prevention is used during prepathogenesis or incubation stage, then this level of prevention is used when the host begins to react to the agent or in the pathogenesis stage.
What is secondary prevention
100
Total deaths of infants in given year in population/
Total # of live births in same year in population
What is infant death rate
200
Infectious diseases that can become epidemic, which require record keeping, reporting, and surveillance
What are notifiable diseases?
200
A contagious or non-contagious power that causes a health concern
What is the agent?
200
This term describes the average number of years a person is projected to live from a given point in time.
What is life expectancy?
200
This level of prevention may include rehabilitation or palliative care
What is tertiary prevention?
200
Number of people with a disease in a population at one point in time divided by the total in the given population at same point in time
What is prevelance? ie prevelance of HIV in IV drug users
300
Who, what, where, when, person, place, and time.
What are questions asked when investigating diseases in epidemiology?
300
According to the epidemiology model, this is needed for disease to happen?
What is the interaction of the agent, host, and environment
300
These rates show what mortality would be if no changes occurred in the age population from year to year
What are age-adjusted death rates?
300
Reasonable evidence there is a connection between a stressor (environmental factor) and a health issue (or disease)
What is association?
300
Number of new cases of a disease in population in given time
divided by the total population at risk
What is incidence?
400
TB, sexually transmitted diseases, and AIDs are examples of communicable diseases that must be _____________.
What are examples of reportable diseases?
400
This can move between an agent and host, causing spread of the disease.
What is a vector? ie a tick or mosquito
400
This rate can be calculated by dividing the number of deaths due to a particular disease by the total population
What is the cause specific mortality rate?
400
This concept is rarely confirmed in epidemiology, but Hill's 10 criteria that include establishing a temporal relationship between exposure and disease, finding a strong relationship, and showing consistent findings, among other items, help to provide evidence of its existence.
What is causation?
400
Rate in which the denominator includes the total population
What is a crude rate?
500
The characteristics of the individual, which interact with the agents, and environments determines this in each person.
What is risk or susceptibility?
500
Instead of using a triangle to illustrate the interaction of host-agent-environment, this logic diagram, consisting of interlocking circles can be used
What is a Venn diagram?
500
10%, if there were 100 cases of a disease and 10 of them were fatal
What is the Case Fatality Rate (CFR)?
500
A model used when there are many indirect and direct causes that lead to a disease
What is a web of causation?
500
The number of deaths from all causes per 1,000 in a population in a given period of time