Why is it important to understand DNA structure/how its wound in Epigenetics?
Because many epigenomic modifications occur on Histones/Nucleosomes
100
How does Methylation influence gene transcription?
Silences genes
100
how are twins so different even though they have the same DNA sequence?
environmental factors alter their epigenome without changing their DNA sequence
200
How is the epigenome different from the genome?
answers may vary, epigenone does not alter DNA sequence (no mutations), does not introduce new genes (recombinant DNA), lies on top of genome, gives instructions to genes, turns them on or off
200
When scientists sequenced the Human Genome, what was so shocking?
the human genome consisted of only 25 000 genes, about the same # as fish and mice.
200
How many histone proteins is one nucleosome composed of? what is it called?
8 (histone octamere)
200
Where do the Histone modifications take place? (be specific)
tails of histone
200
Describe the cause of Angelman Syndrome. (be specific)
Deletion of chromosome 15 (from mother)
300
What does this mean, “You are what your mother ate?”
The genetic information found in your DNA sequence or your genome is not the only factor that makes you who are. There are additional factors that alter what genes can be expressed in your genome and these changes can potentially be inherited.
300
Which clinical geneticist came across two incredibly rare and separate genetic disorders: Angelman syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome?
Marcus Pembrey
300
How is it that the DNA is able to coil around the histone proteins? what are the mechanisms involved?
the DNA is (-) charged (phosphate group) and histones are (+) charged due to amino acids, lys and arg
300
When are genes transcribed during Histone Modifications? what group is mostly associated with this?
when histone tails are acetylated (acetyl groups)
300
How did Jirtle’s team turn the Agouti gene on and off in the mice?