Cancer Epigenetics
Many cancers develop partly due to __________ of tumor suppressor genes.
hypermethylation
Epigenetic changes can appear earlier than __________, meaning they may start the cancer process.
DNA mutations
PARP inhibitors worked well and had manageable __________.
side effects
When tumor suppressor genes become overly methylated, the cell can’t __________ them, even though the DNA sequence is normal.
use
Epigenetics explains how __________ factors and __________ shape gene expression without changing DNA.
environmental; life experiences
PARP inhibitors work by exploiting this defect in the cell: __________.
DNA repair
Cells lose important __________ that normally prevent tumor growth.
controls
Cancer, __________, aging, and environmental influences all involve epigenetic mechanisms.
development
Problems in __________ genes can affect how cancer grows and responds to treatment.
DNA repair
Silencing tumor suppressor genes leads to __________ cell division, faster tumor growth, and greater __________ buildup.
uncontrolled; mutation
Epigenetic changes affect gene activity without changing this: __________.
DNA
In a study, 62 breast cancer patients with mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, or __________ were treated with PARP inhibitors.
PALB2
Tumor suppressor genes can be silenced even though this remains normal: __________.
DNA sequence
Understanding epigenetics helps scientists predict __________ and understand how __________ affects long-term health.
disease risk; lifestyle
Epigenetic BRCA1 silencing sensitizes cancer cells to cisplatin and __________ inhibitors like __________.
PARP; olaparib