IVs & DVs
Zack wants to determine if the amount of time spent on social media has an effect on anxiety levels. [The Dependent Variable...]
What is anxiety? (What are anxiety levels?)
Scientists wanted to determine the levels of pollution that a fish could withstand. They placed fish in tanks with differing pollution levels and timed how long they could live under those conditions. [This is the IV...]
What is level of pollution?
Every research textbook examined contains a chapter on sampling.
Therefore, all research textbooks contain a chapter on sampling.
[This is an example of this kind of logic...]
What is inductive reasoning?
These kinds of studies may be thought of as understanding a phenomenon in terms of conditional statements in the form, “If X, then Y.”
These designs assist researchers in understanding why the world works the way it does through the process of proving a causal link between variables and by the process of eliminating other possibilities.
What is causal design?
This is a document your experimental participants should sign before agreeing to take part in a clinical research study. It does many things, including telling them a bit about the study, the risks involved, and how long it will last.
What is an informed consent form?
Conner wants to determine if the diet of a rat has an effect on the rats overall health (weight, bone density). [The independent variable...]
What is the diet of a rat?
Scientists wanted to determine the levels of pollution that a fish could withstand. They placed fish in tanks with differing pollution levels and timed how long they could live under those conditions. [This is the DV...]
What is the amount of time before death?
A catalogue states that all entering freshman must take a mathematics placement test.
You are an entering freshman.
You conclude that you have to take the placement test.
[This is an example of this kind of logic...]
What is deductive reasoning?
The purpose of a this kind of research design is to collect, verify, and synthesize evidence from the past to establish facts that defend or refute a hypothesis. It uses secondary sources and a variety of primary documentary evidence, such as, diaries, official records, reports, archives, and non-textual information [maps, pictures, audio and visual recordings]. The limitation is that the sources must be both authentic and valid.
What is historical design?
These are the three core principles outlined in the Belmont Report:
What are:
1) Respect for Persons
2) Beneficence, and
3) Justice?
I use different types of weed killers on my lawn to see which one kills the most weeds. [This is the DV...]
What is the amount of weeds?
True or False: The independent variable is the one the research controls.
What is true?
All men are mortals.
William is a man.
Therefore, William is a mortal.
[This is an example of this kind of logic...]
What is deductive reasoning?
This kind of research design is often called a "study of all the studies on a topic." It does this by comparing effect sizes.
What is meta-analysis?
This Belmont principle involves protecting the autonomy of all people and treating them with courtesy and respect and allowing for informed consent. Researchers must be truthful and conduct no deception
What is respect for persons?
In a study about headaches, doctors gave patients Aleve, Tylenol, Advil, and Excedrin, to see which medication would relieve the headache pain the fastest. The doctors timed how long it took the medication to work. [This is the IV...]
What is types of pain relievers?
True or False: The independent variable is the one measured at the end of the experiment (the outcome).
What is false?
Childhood participation in sports, cultural groups, and youth programs appears to be related to improved self-esteem for adolescents. In a representative study, a researcher compares scores on a self-esteem questionnaire for a sample of 100 adolescents with a history of group participation and a separate sample of 100 who have no history of group participation. [This is the RESEARCH hypothesis...]
What is "group participation increases self-esteem for adolescents"?
In this kind of research design, the researcher has no control over the experiment. And oftentimes, individuals do not even know they are being watched.
What is observational design?
A researcher's effort not to exploit one particular subset of the population would fall under this Belmont Principle.
What is Justice?
To test the safety of a car, crash tests will test different types of cars in collision situations. They want to determine in which car the crash test dummy receives the least amount of damage. [This is the DV...]
What is the amount of damage to the dummy?
Kelly and Jack are playing in the park. Jack rolls a marble down the small playground slide. Kelly proposes the idea that the marble would travel at a faster pace if it is rolled down the longer slide. Their investigative question is "what happens when the marble is rolled down the longer slide?" [These are the IV and DV...]
What is the independent variable, length of slide?
What is the dependent variable, speed marble movement?
Marissa is an extremely curious sixth grader. During a snow day she noticed a truck spreading salt all over the road. After the truck went past Marissa's house, she put on her snow boots, hat, and gloves and went to the edge of her driveway and made an observation. Her investigative question is regarding what will happen if salt is added to the ice.
[This is the NULL hypothesis...]
What is "the salt has no effect on the ice"?
This kind of study follows a group over time, and makes repeated observations in order to describe patterns of change.
What is longitudinal research?
The phrase "Do No Harm" falls under this Belmont Principle.
What is Beneficence?