Taxonomy
Equidae
Tapiridae
Rhinocerotidae
What does the horse mean to North Americans?
- Sign of Wealth
- Mystical/Magical
- Sacred / Special
"Attractive Nuisance"
Can be many of things.
Define euthanasia.
"good death"
What is the range of TPR in the clinically normal adult horse?
T: 99.5-101.5 F
P: 24 - 48 beats per minute
R: 10-24 breaths per minute
CRT: 0-2 seconds
How many inches are in one hand?
What is the recently extinct 8th species?
Quagga
"When horses arrive, success follows." What does this mean from a historical perspective? Provide context.
Chinese idiom
Signifies turning point in history after the domestication: trade, transport, war
Speed and Power were favorable for civilization
Escalations occurred due to accumulation of wealth
Define and describe how to perform a death check.
1. 5 Minutes After Euthanasia
2. Corneal Response
3. No Heartbeat
Describe the clinically normal mucus membrane.
Gums: light pink, moist
Sclera: white-ish, moist
Name one of the notable horses.
Big Jake: 20.3 HH (largest horse)
Thumbelina: 4.1 HH (smallest horse)
Secretariat: fastest KY derby (ran 1 1/4 miles in 1:59), fastest 1.5 mile race on dirt (2:24 at the Belmont)
Old Billy (1760-1822) 62 years old; England, pulled barges for a living
Huaso aka Faithful: 8'1 1/4" in Chile, 1949 (highest jump)
Winning Brew: ran 1/4 mile in 20.57 seconds (fastest 1/4 mile)
Hawkster: ran 1.5 miles in 2:22:08 minutes (fastest 1.5 mile)
Eyes of Dawn: ran 300 yards in 14.909 seconds (fastest sprint)
What are the 7 EXISTING species of Equus genus?
Donkey: African, Asian, Tibetan
Zebra: Plain, Mountain, Grevy
Horse
Describe Hyracotherium.
65 million years ago, boggy swamplands, fox sized, eyes forward, flexible spine, 4 toes in the front, 3 toes in the hind, omnivore teeth, short face
List and define the four humane endpoints used to establish humane limits in a euthanasia plan.
MEDW
Movement: normal ambulatory movement
Eating: ability to eat adequate amount of nutrients
Drinking: adequate water intake
Weight: deterioration of 20% or more of body weight
What are the caveats to vital signs that may result in outside of normal ranges.
Injury/Pain
Disease
Emotional Distress
Weather
How would you describe a horse's family lineage?
By SIRE out of DAM
Define order or perissodactyla?
An odd-toed ungulate or an odd-toed hooved mammal
Why the horse?
Speed
Power
Intelligence
Winter Adaptability
Describe the exact location of the target when performing euthanasia via bullet. How do you reach this target? Draw the location.
The target of the bullet is the brain steam. In order to reach the brain stem you must aim 1/2" above the intersection from the outside corner of ear to inside corner of eye. The barrel should be aimed down through the neck in order to find the brain stem rather than the sinuses.
What is the importance of knowing the clinically normal range of both the general and your horse?
In a 911 emergency there is no time to question or google.
Knowing the normal of YOUR horse can help to determine how serious an out of range vital sign may be.
What is the difference between a weanling and a yearling?
Weanling: separated from the dam but NOT YET 12 months old
Yearling: a young horse older than 12 months old but younger than 24 months old
Write the table of taxonomy of Charile.
Kingdom - Animalia
Phylum - Chordata
Sub-phylum - vertebrata
Class - Mammalia
Order - Perissodactyla
Family - Equidae
Genus - Equus
Species - Caballus
Sub-species - Quarter Horse
Explain why domestication may have been a difficult undertaking for civilization. Outline the probable pathway towards domesticating the wild beast. Provide a timeline for historical context and defend the placement of this process in a geographic region.
Difficult undertaking due to nature of horse: aggressive, intelligent, flighty
Value of skin, meat and milk to the humans
Pathway: start young
Domestication happened roughly 6,000 years ago near the Eurasian Steppe and Kazakhstan: know this due to fossils of bones, whole horse's, teeth, bit
Compare the stages of death via euthanasia and natural death.
Euthanasia: 1. Loss of consciousness; 2. terminal breath; 3. cardiac arrest
Natural: 0. unconsciousness; 1. terminal breath; 2. heart slows to a stop; 3. brain death
Describe the tying theories.
Fixed structure: The horse cannot get away, can get western if it goes bad.
Breakable or not sturdy structure: Horse can get away if it goes south...but if tying goes south you increase risk of safety for the horse and surrounding people.
What is the sexual maturity of a filly and a colt?
Filly: ~ 914 Days (2.5 years)
Colts: ~ 973 Days (2.7 Years)