General Equilibrium
What is the meaning of a double arrow?
The reaction is reversible.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) --> 2NH3(g)
What is the effect of adding H2?
an increase in the amount of NH3 at equilibrium
What is equation of the Haber process?
N2(g) + 3H2(g) --> 2NH3(g)
What is equation of the Contact process?
2SO2(g) + O2(g) --> 2SO3(g)
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction, but chemically unchanged itself.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) --> 2NH3(g) ΔH = –ve
What is the effect of decreasing pressure?
a decrease in the amount of NH3 at equilibrium
What are the optimal conditions for the Haber process?
450 Celsius and 200 atm, iron as catalyst.
What are the optimal conditions for the contact process?
450 C and 2 atm, V2O5 as catalyst.
What is equilibrium?
A reaction in which the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate. Concentration of all substances remain constant.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) --> 2NH3(g) ΔH = –ve
What is the effect of decreasing temperature?
a increase in the amount of NH3 at equilibrium
What is the use of ammonia?
fertilizer
What is the main product of the contact process?
sulfuric acid
What are the factors affecting the position of equilibrium?
concentration；pressure；temperature
What is the effect of adding catalyst? AND Explain.
NO effect. It increases the rate of forward and backward reactions equally.
Why not use a higher or lower temperature？
higher the temperature，lower the yield；
lower the temperature，lower the rate.
Why not use a higher pressure?
the yield is already high;
higher the pressure, higher the cost.