What are thick-walled muscular vessels that pump blood from the heart?
Arteries
100
What is the horse's normal pulse rate?
30-40 beats per minute
100
What are the smallest blood vessels?
Capillaries
100
Name 3 factors that influence heart rate.
exercise, physical condition, environmental temperature, excitement, pathological conditions, age
100
What is the horse's maximum heart rate?
240 beats per minute
200
What is the term for decreased numbers of red corpuscles causing weakness and fatigue?
Anemia
200
What is the horse's average heart-weight to body-weight ratio?
0.94%
200
Fill in the blanks. Unoxygenated blood returning from the peripheral circulation enters the ______ and then travels to the ______ before leaving the heart by way of the pulmonary artery.
right atrium, right ventricle
200
A graph of the average electrical potential generated in the heart muscle over time is called a(n)?
electrocardiogram
200
Limited training stimulus maximally increases heart size by approximately what percent in heart-weight to body-weight ratio?
0.2%
300
What is the medical term for "stocked up"?
Edema
300
What is a horse's approximate stroke volume (the quantity of blood ejected by the heart during each contraction)?
1 liter
300
What is the function of the capillaries?
Waste products of metabolism and carbon dioxide from the tissues are picked up to be eliminated from the body.
300
What diagnostic test can visualize a beating heart?
ultrasound
300
Training has what effect on maximal heart rate?
None
400
Increased heart rate is termed _____ & decreased heart rate is termed ______ ?
Tachycardia, Bradycardia
400
Blood volume is what percent of body weight?
12-14%
400
Name the path that blood takes to and from the heart.
Capillaries--> Veins--> right atrium--> right ventricle-->pulmonary artery/ pulmonary circulation--> pulmonary vein--> left atrium--> left ventricle--> aorta--> arteries
400
A standardized exercise test to monitor heart rate utilizes a heart rate monitor and what other piece of equipment?
treadmill
400
As exercise starts, there is a rapid increase in heart rate which reaches a peak in approximately how many seconds?
30-45
500
Name the 5 classifications of blood cells in the horse.
Erythrocytes (red blood cells), Neutrophils (produced in response to infections), Monocytes, Eosinophils, Thrombocytes (platelets)
500
What is the approximate maximum heart rate of the horse during swimming?
210 beats per minute
500
Fluid that does not re-enter the capillary network is picked up by what system?
Lymphatic
500
The electrodes attached to the body for an ECG (EKG) are referred to as what?
leads
500
Horses that are well conditioned specifically for high-intensity exercise bouts will have increases in what three blood parameters?
red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, blood volume