Renaissance
This city is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance.
Florence, Italy
This document listed Luther's complaints against the Catholic Church.
95 Theses
This German monk started the Protestant Reformation by posting the 95 Theses.
Martin Luther
This nation led the way in European exploration during the 1400s.
Portugal
This scientist promoted observation and experimentation to improve the scientific method.
Francis Bacon
This invention made books cheaper and more available throughout Europe.
Printing Press
Luther criticized the Catholic Church for selling these to reduce punishment for sins.
Selling of Indulgences
This Renaissance artist painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Michelangelo
European explorers were motivated by these three goals.
Gold, God, and Glory
This company became powerful because it had sovereign powers, including the ability to make treaties and wage war.
Dutch East India Company
This intellectual movement focused on human potential and achievements.
Humanism
This invention helped spread Reformation ideas quickly throughout Europe.
Printing Press
This Protestant leader taught predestination and established a theocracy in Geneva.
John Calvin
This fast, maneuverable ship could sail against the wind.
Caravel
This Japanese ruling group restricted foreign contact during the Age of Exploration.
Tokugawa Shoguns
Instead of Latin, Renaissance writers increasingly used this type of everyday language.
Vernacular
This English king created the Church of England after the pope refused to grant him an annulment.
Henry VIII
This explorer's expedition completed the first voyage around the world.
Ferdinand Magellan
This navigation tool helped sailors determine their latitude at sea.
Astrolabe
This economic system is based on private ownership and the pursuit of profit.
Capitalism
This technique made paintings appear more realistic by creating depth.
Perspective
A government ruled by religious leaders is called this.
Theocracy
This Renaissance writer authored The Prince, a guide for rulers.
Niccolò Machiavelli
This agreement divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Tordesillas
This Chinese dynasty expanded China's territory while limiting European trade.
Qing Dynasty