Acoustics
What format is the cue for articulation?
What is...
The second format
The genetic name for when there is at least a 50% risk that the condition is passed on (we know that the parent with the trait has 1 dominant gene)
What is...
Mendelian Inheritance
(autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked)
What is...
9-16 months
What two muscles control the frequency of the vocal folds?
What is...
Contraction of CT - Fo goes up
Contraction of TA - Fo goes down
Surgical techniques designed to improve voice are known as ________?
What is...
phonosurgery
What is...
The first format
T or F:
Upper Lip closure occurs at 9-11 weeks gestation
Palate Closure occurs at 7-9 weeks gestation
What is...
False: Lip closure-7-9 weeks and Palate 9-11 weeks
What type of movement is needed for the patient to benefit from a pharyngeal flap surgery?
What is...
Lateral wall movement
What cranial nerve and branch is responsible for sensory information and CT in the larynx?
What is...
Vagus (X) nerve, Superior laryngeal nerve
--- Recurrent laryngeal---all other intrinsic muscles
What 2 things should be targeted for Parkinson's patients receiving voice therapy?
BONUS: What are 2 voice intervention techniques that are effective for treating Parkinson's?
What is...
Rate of speech and Articulation
BONUS: LSVT (phonation) and Speak Out (motor learning)
If the tongue is moving up, the first formant is going to _____. If the tongue is moving down, the formant is going to _____.
What is...
Decrease and Increase
Cleft lip (with or without palate) is more common in ____. Cleft palate is more common in _____.
BONUS: What side are cleft lips more common on?
What is...
Males and Females
BONUS: Left side (75%)
What are the 2 types of errors made by clients with cleft lip/palate?
BONUS: Which one do we want to prevent/correct?
What is Oblique and Negative compensatory errors.
BONUS: What is Negative compensatory errors.
What do the s/z ratio test results indicate if /s/ is greater than /z/?
What is...
the larynx is not working properly
/s/=/z/, the larynx is working properly
This surgical technique uses cold micro-tools or a CO2 laser to remove localized pathology of the vocal folds.
What is...
Microflap surgery
* Know that using a laser causes scaring
What are the 3 passive forces that aid in exhalation?
What is...
Elastic recoil (of the rib cage and lungs)
Torque (twisted carriages want to untwist)
Gravity
* Remember how a balloon wants to return to resting shape
5 early structures come together during the first trimester in utero to form the basic outline of the face. What are they?
The ________
Two ________
Two ________
BONUS: Which closes first, hard palate or soft palate?
What is...
Frontal-Nasal Prominence (FNP)
Maxillary Prominences (MaxP)
Mandibular Prominences (ManP)
BONUS: Hard Palate first then soft palate
What two error patterns/negative compensatory behaviors is associated with Velocardiofacial (VCF) syndrome?
What is...
Glottal stops and Plosives
Reason: VCF results in a deep pharynx=velum can't close off
What are the 4 types of vocal abuse?
BONUS: What type of therapy is appropriate?
What is...
Environmental - airborne irritants, dry air, stress level, communication demands
Hygiene - caffeine consumption, alcohol usage, smoking
Excessive/Unusual - duration (too much), intensity (too loud), amount (too often)
Biological - chronic cough, excessive throat clearing, excessive intrathoracic pressure while phonating
BONUS: Indirect therapy
When providing intervention to medialize the vocal folds, injection of ANY substance into the VFs for ANY reason is called _______.
BONUS: Injection of _____ is considered malpractice.
What is...
Intrafold injection- substances include fat, gel foam, collagen, or hyaluronic acid
* Botox injections cause lateralization/weakening of VFs, Tx for SD
BONUS: Teflon
The theory is that moving air exerts a negative surface pressure, the relationship between pressure and volume within the lungs.
What is...
Bernoulli Effect
What are the 3 broad categories of patients?
Hit: Think about ideology
What is...
1. Cases of simple cleft lip and/or palate (no other complicating problems)
2. Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) not associated with overt (visible) clefts.
3. Complicated cases of clefts and/or VDP associated with genetic syndromes.
What type of intervention tool would be most effective when tracking the progress of a patient who has received corrective surgery for a cleft palate?
a. a passage with stops and fricatives
b. a passage with nasal sounds
c. a passage with glides and liquids
d. a passage with affricatives
What is...
a. a passage with stops and fricatives
Stops and fricatives require complete closure or tight constriction in the oral cavity, which tests the patient's ability to build and release oral pressure effectively. Cleft palate surgeries aim to repair the structural deficits that can impede these sounds. Monitoring stops and fricatives allows clinicians to assess improvements in speech articulation, resonance, and airflow control.
Nasals, glides, liquids, and affricates might also be relevant, but stops and fricatives are particularly sensitive to the speech challenges associated with cleft palate repair.
What are the two types of vocal misuse?
BONUS: What type of therapy is appropriate?
What is...
Respiratory system misuse - diaphragmatic system not working,
Phonatory system misuse - Inefficient closure (most common), hard glottal attack, pitch disorders
BONUS: Direct Therapy
This therapy technique involves partial occlusion of the vocal tract by phonating into a straw tube, lip trill, or tongue trill, to create a favorable pressure above the vocal folds.
What is...
Semi-occluded Vocal Tract Exercises (SOVT)