Landforms
How are mountains formed?
Two continental plates converge.
What is weathering?
When rocks are broken into smaller sediments.
What is the plate boundary where two plates pushing together?
Convergent boundary
Where are most volcanoes found?
Along convergent plate boundaries at subduction zones.
What was the name of the supercontinent that existed 250 million years ago?
Pangea
What is one way an island can form?
Underwater volcanoes, sediment deposition, or breaking off from a larger piece of land.
What is erosion?
When sediments are transported from one place to another.
What is the plate boundary where two plates are pulling apart?
Divergent boundary
Describe a shield volcano.
A volcano with a wide base and a gradual incline.
At which kind of plate boundary/boundaries do earthquakes happen?
All of them
What landform is created by the deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river?
A delta.
What is deposition?
When sediments are dropped by their agent of erosion.
What is the plate boundary where two plates are sliding past each other?
Transform boundary
Describe a composite volcano.
A volcano with steep sides.
Who first proposed the idea of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
What is the difference between a mountain and a plateau?
A plateau has a flat top.
What is the difference between physical/mechanical weathering and chemical weathering?
Mechanical weathering just breaks rock into smaller sediments, while chemical weathering changes the molecular structure of the rock.
Divergent boundaries
Describe the difference between lava with a high viscosity and lava with a low viscosity.
Lava with a high viscosity is less fluid and lava with a low viscosity is more fluid.
How did seafloor spreading support the hypothesis of continental drift?
It provided a mechanism.
Describe the process of sinkhole formation.
Acidic water chemically weathers the sedimentary bedrock. This forms a cave, and eventually the ground above collapses.
Describe how a river can weather, erode, and deposit sediment.
Answers may vary.
Transform boundaries
Why are volcanoes formed at oceanic-continental convergent boundaries but not at continental-continental convergent boundaries?
Water from the ocean saturates the rock at oceanic-continental convergent boundaries, which lowers its melting point enough for it to melt into magma.
What drives the movement of tectonic plates?
Convection currents in the mantle.