What is the name of the top layer of the Earth that includes the crust & upper mantle/
Lithosphere
100
The rocks that blow out of explosive volcanoes have a lit of holes in them. Name two of these kinds of rocks.
Pumice, Scoria, Vesicular Basalt
100
What is the term used for the breaking down of large pieces of rock by wind, water, & etc.?
Weathering
100
_______________ is a mixture of ground up rocks & organic matter that forms a thin layer over the surface of the Earth.
Soil
100
Plants & animals are two natural resources that we use for ____________
Food
200
What is the name of the type of plate boundary where plates slide past each other?
Transform
200
What is the name of the type of boundary where the San Andreas Fault is located?
Transform
200
__________________ is the term used for the breaking down of large pieces of rock & the process of carrying it away
Erosion
200
Which type of soil is made up of finer (smaller) pieces?
Clay or Sand?
Clay
200
A _________________ resource is something found in nature that we use.
Natural
300
The hot magma under the lithosphere moves because of the heating up of the magma at lower levels, which makes the magma less dense so it rises. At the upper levels it is cooler so the magma cools off, becomes more dense & sinks. What is this circular process called?
Convection Currents
300
What caused the formation of the Hawaiian islands?
The pacific plate is moving over a hot spot in the magma.
300
When water gets into a crack in a rock and freezes it _______________ and makes the crack wider.
expands
300
When water stops moving the rocks, sand & soil in the water settle to the bottom of the water. What is the rock, sand & soil that settles to the bottom of the water called?
Sediment
300
Dead plants, bugs, and animals break down and become part of the soil. This organic matter is called _________________
Compost
400
The lithosphere is broken into pieces called plates. In relation ship to each other they can do what three types of movements?
Move apart, Move Together, Slide Past each other
400
Very explosive volcanoes erupt when a _________________ plate is pushed down under another plate & melted in the magma below.
Seafloor
400
When water moves fast it can carry away soil and rocks. The rocks & particles of soil hit against each other and are broken down into ___________________ pieces.
Smaller
400
What do we call a very large rock?
Boulder
400
Fossils can form when plants or animals die & get buried in the layers of __________________ that was deposited by water or wind that stopped moving.
Sediment
500
When two thick continental crusts ____________ they buckle up and form very high mountains.
Converge
500
When the lava that flows out of a volcano cools, it forms into rock. The top layer of rock cools so quickly it looks like black glass. What is the name of this type of rock?
Obsidian
500
Besides wind & moving water, name TWO other things that can weather rocks.
Plant roots, people & animals, freezing & thawing of water, temperature changes, chemicals in the rain
500
Different colored ________________ break down into different colors of sand.
Rock
500
Aluminum, glass, plastic, paper, & other metals should be _______________ so that we can remake them into usable products again.