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The deep cracks or fissures that develop on the surface of a glacier
What are crevasses?
The natural ridges formed when water flow causes sediments to drop along the edge of a river's channel
What are levees?
The mass of foaming water formed when waves wash up onto a beach
What is the surf?
The oceanographic tool that is a highly maneuverable robot linked to a support ship by cables
What is a ROV?
The reason icebergs can float in seawater
What is icebergs are less dense than seawater?
The deepest known point in the sea
What is the Challenger Deep (or Mariana Trench)?
The type of volcano made of alternating layers of lava and ash
What is a composite volcano?
First day of Christmas
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The gemstone that consists of corundum with traces of iron or titanium that give it a distinctive blue color
What is a sapphire?
Hills that form when advancing glaciers overrun old piles of till
What are drumlins?
The circular paths that ocean currents move in are called this
What is gyres?
The top layer of the soil, which contains most of the organic substances and nutrients
What is topsoil?
The main agent of chemical weathering
What is water?
The term which describes a fossil that extends through multiple strata
What is a polystrate fossil?
HO, HO, HO
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The idea which attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution by claiming that God used evolution as the method of creation
What is theistic evolution?
The very slow downslope movement of soil and rock fragments
What is soil creep?
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Thought to be a missing link in man's evolution but was later found to be the remains of a modern human
What is Cro-Magnon man?
Supposedly a missing link between amphibians and reptiles
What is Seymouria?
The type of tide which occurs when there is one high tide and one low tide each day
What is a diurnal tide?
An upward-flowing current that occurs when a land breeze pushes surface water away from the coast
What is an upwelling current?
MERRY CHRISTMAS
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The idea which states that the fittest and strongest organisms are most likely to survive and reproduce
What is natural selection?
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The material carried by a stream
What is the stream's load?
The middle layer of the earth, between the crust and the core
What is the mantle?
This factor and temperature determine the density of seawater
What is salinity?
These rocks are formed when other types of rock are "cooked" by heat and pressure
What are metamorphic rocks?
The method of erosion prevention which involves planting alternating strips of different types of crops
What is strip-cropping?
The device that uses underwater sound waves to determine the size, distance, and direction of objects
What is sonar?
A wave that grows taller and steeper as it travels to shore and topples forward with a white crest
What is a breaker?
The method of measuring an earthquake's strength is based on the earthquake's effects on people and structures
What is modified Mercalli scale?
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The idea that the natural laws in operation today have existed throughout Earth's history
What is the principle of uniformity?
The type of underwater valley gives mid-ocean ridges the appearance of having twin mountain ranges
What is a rift?
Oceanographers usually measure hydrostatic pressure in this metric unit
What is kilopascals?
The kind of tide and why a person can walk on the beach in a full moon
What is a spring tide, because the moon, earth, and sun are in line?
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The reason the area around a river's mouth, like the Nile River for example, is the most fruitful part of the river
What is the area is formed by deposits of minerals and sediments?
The kind of variable in an experiment which is observed to determine the results
What is a dependent variable?
The reason the coelacanth, a fish that shows little difference between fossils and living specimens, poses a problem for evolution
What is these organisms should have evolved at the same rate as other organisms?