Energy Flow
What are consumers and producers and what is an example of each?
Producers make food energy through photosynthesis – plants.
Consumers do not produce their own food and must eat other organisms – animals that eat plants & animals that eat animals
We watched a video about agroup of dolphins swimmingin circles to help them catchfish. What type of adaptationdid this example represent?
behavioral adaptation
Give 2 examples of abiotic and 2 examples of biotic components in a biosphere
abiotic: sunlight, temperature
biotic: bacteria, fungi
cattle egret follows a herd of cattle, benefiting by eating the insects that the grazing cattle stir up, while the cattle remain largely unaffected by the birds
Commensalism (one species benefits, one is not affected)
The build-up of chemicals in the cells and fat tissue of plants and animals is called __________
bioaccumulation
What happens to the food energy taken in by an organism? How much energy is transferred to the next trophic level?
The energy is used for cellular respiration, growth and reproduction.
~90% of the energy is lost as heat and in chemical reactions in the body so only ~10% of the food energy reaches the next trophic level.
Cacti have special methods of surviving with little water, wolves can maintain body temperature even in super cold winters and some frogs have poisonous skin. These are all examples of:
physiological adaptation
Lichens took form on bare rock (ie. NO SOIL). What type of succession this is?
primary succession
the bee gets food (nectar) and the flower gets pollinated by the bee as it collects the nectar
Mutualism (both species benefit)
What process results in higher concentrations of pollution at the higher trophic levels?
biomagnification
What are the names of the 4 tropic levels we studied in class. Give an example of an organism in each.
1st trophic level – primary producers - grass
2nd trophic level – primary consumers - insect
3rd trophic level – secondary consumers - frog
4th trophic level – tertiary consumers - bird
Eagles have sharp eyes that allows them to see when flying, nose that are bent to give additional strength and hard bone structure.
structural adaptation
This type of succession begins in a place that already has soil and was once the home of living organisms
secondary succession
tapeworms infecting human intestines, which absorb nutrients from the host, and ticks on dogs, which feed on the host's blood
Parasitism (one species benefits, the other is harmed)
Salmon are an example of this important type of organism which has a huge effect on many other species within the ecosystem.
keystone species
Describe detrivores, herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. Give an example of each.
Herbivores – primary consumers that eat plants - cow
Carnivores – secondary (or higher) consumers that eat meat (animals) – tiger
Omnivores – consumers that eat both plants and animals. – bear
Detrivores – consumers that eat animal wastes, and dead plants and animals. - worms
When a species environment changes, their bodies also change to adapt to that environment and new species are created from one original species. This is called __.
Example: The fish in the lakes needed to eat different food, and had different predators than those in the ocean.
adaptive radiation
The Chemainus River ecosystem on Vancouver Island includes bears, eagles, deer, elk, and foxes. What term best describes the grouping of all these types of animals?
community
Each biome is divided into smaller regions called ______
ecosystem
The use of living organisms such as plants and bacteria to naturally clean up dangerous chemicals in the ecosystem is called ________
bioremediation
What is the best reason for why an ecosystem supports fewer organisms at higher trophic levels than at lower trophic levels?
A. There is no competition among organisms at the higher trophic levels
B. Most of the food energy consumed is used for growth and to increase biomass.
C. Animals are part of more than one food chain and eat more than one kind of food.
D. There is a huge decrease in energy from lower trophic levels to higher trophic levels.
D. There is a huge decrease in energy from lower trophic levels to higher trophic levels.
This is a random process that allow organisms with advantageous traits to survive and reproduce more successfully than others
natural selection
Tofino British Columbia, located on Vancouver Island, has an average annual rainfall of 250 cm and average temperature of 10 degrees celsius. What type of biome is Tofino located in?
*SHOW GRAPH*
Temperate rainforest
Deer, bear or owl lives in a forest, where they find shelter and food. The forest is an example of what division in the biosphere?
habitat
What is a big problem with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like the chemicals DDT and PCB?
These chemicals do not biodegrade easily. They persist in the environment for a long period of time. They are also harmful in many ways to living things.