metallurgy
What is metallurgy?
the creation of different metals
What professions were the foundation of the economy at this time?
Agriculture and livestock farming
what were the first instances of architecture in history?
Where were the first remains of humans discovered in Spain?
Lower Palaeolithic specifically Granada
Where were the most prominent neolithic cultures located in Spain? (2 places)
Catalonia and Andalusia
what metal did the first known metalworkers use?
copper
What technique involves metal being heated over a fire while being hammered?
Forging
what are the 3 types of megalithic monuments?
Who inhabited the Upper Palaeolithic peninsula?
Neanderthals and sapiens
What were the original Neolithic cultures in Spain's main form of art?
cardium pottery
where did the first urban societies begin? (what part of the world did this take place?)
Fertile Crescent
What technique involves heating the metal in a furnace until it becomes liquid, then pouring the metal into molds?
smelting
What is a Menhir monument?
A large stone driven vertically into the ground
Which group left examples of cave paintings?
sapiens
Where in Spain did copper metallurgy originate? And what did it look like?
Los Millares (Almeria), walled settlements and megalithic architecture
towards 2200 BCE the search for more resistant metals began which led to the discovery of what metal?
bronze
What were the main inventions of this period? (3)
the wheel, the plough, and sails
What is a stone circle?
several menhirs placed in a circle
What types of cave paintings were found in the Cantabrian area?
they display animals in a naturalistic way
Where in Spain did bronze metallurgy originate? And what did it look like?
Almeria and Granada; individual burials in graves and large earthenware jars
around 1500 BCE people started to use what metal between the Black Sea and Armenian Mountains?
Iron
describe what each invention is used for: plough, sails, and the wheel
plough - possible to dig the land better to plant crops
sails - allowed boats to move thanks to the power of wind
wheel - potters wheel allowed for creation of pottery and the wheel and axle allowed for the invention of the cart
What is a dolmen monument?
a chamber made up of large vertical stones covered by other horizontal stones
What types of cave paintings were found in the Levantine area?
show representations of people hunting, at war, or doing rituals
Where in Spain did iron metallurgy originate? And what did it look like?
Celtic people that entered through the Pyrenees and Greek colonisers; they left the concept of writing.