Because of this, there is an "interdependence of concepts, skills, and linguistic knowledge that makes transfer possible."
What is common underlying proficiency (CUP)?
100
In studying first language acquisition, this focuses on the child.
What is Developmental Psychology?
100
He tells us, "Children are born ready to become bilinguals, trilinguals, multilinguals."
Who is Baker?
100
In actual practice in the United States, they usually amount to a "sink-or-swim" approach to language acquisition.
What are English only immersion programs?
100
The loss of culture and history caused by transition to a dominant language.
What is Language Death?
200
Cummins uses this to characterize his model.
What is a dual iceberg?
200
In first language acquisition, this approach focuses on the environment.
What is Sociology, Anthropology, and Education?
200
According to census data, the percent of people in the United States that speak at least two languages.
What is 17 percent?
200
A traditional instructional program that removes ELLs from their mainstream classes for a portion of the day for ESL support.
What is ESL Pullout Traditional Instruction?
200
This term is gaining popularity, because "when educators speak about ELLs, they often forget that there is more to these students than simply learning English."
What is "emergent bilinguals"
300
One of Garcia's models of educational programs, meaning "one tongue or voice".
What is monoglossic?
300
In first language acquisition, this approach focuses on the language.
What is Linguistics?
300
This model consists of five interrelated hypotheses, and have been debated and discounted by some, widely accepted by others.
What is Krashen's Monitor Model?
300
A type of enriched education that emphasize challenging standards in the core curriculum while developing first and second languages.
What are Bilingual Enrichment programs?
300
The process of going back and forth from one language to the other.
What is translanguaging?
400
Garcia's preferred perspective for bilingualism, meaning "other tongue or voice".
What is heteroglossic?
400
He discovered strong parallels between children's language development and the stages of cognitive development identified by Piaget (1955).
Who is Brown?
400
This approach to grammar teaching for ELLs follows a curriculum cycle, teaching grammar through modeling, joint construction, and individual practice.
What is Language as Functional Resource?
400
A subtractive program where ELLs receive a portion of their content instruction in their primary language for 2-3 years before being integrated into all-English instruction.
What is Early Exit or Transitional Bilingual Education?
400
English and other major languages that are so predominant that minority language speakers shift from their native language to the dominant language, contributing to language death.
What are killer languages?
500
A theory for SLA that claims learning a new language is part of a more general process of acculturation.
What is Schumann's Acculturation Model?
500
A leading American linguist, he said "A normal child acquires this knowledge [of language] on relatively slight exposure and without specific training."
Who is Chomsky?
500
The hypothesis that factors such as anxiety or boredom may serve as a filter that blocks input and language acquisition.
What is the Affective Filter Hypothesis?
500
A successful program that brings native speakers of English and ELLs toward bilingualism and bi-literacy.
What is Bilingual Dual-Language Education?
500
A kind of power that those who do not speak the dominant language well do not have.