ESRM 100 Exam 2(A)

Fuels

100

Which of the following fuels is considered a “transition fuel”?

A) Petroleum B) Natural gas C) Coal D) Solar energy

200

According to the textbook, when are we expected to reach peak oil production? A) 1950-2020 AD B) 2050-2080 AD C) 2080-2150 AD D) 2020-2050 AD

D) 2020-2050 AD

300

Define synfuels. A) liquid or gaseous fuel from solid fossil fuels B) synthetically processed petroleum C) liquid or gaseous fuels derived from decomposed organic matter D) Steam energy combined with a synthetic fuel

A) liquid or gaseous fuel from solid fossil fuels

400

What is the main alcohol found in biofuel? A) methane B) propane C) ethanol D) butanol

C) ethanol

500

In 1989, an oil tanker spilled 11 million gallons of oil into the Prince William Sound. What was the name of the ship? A) Chevron Journey B) Exxon Valdez C) Exxon Mobile D) Deepwater Horizon

B) Exxon Valdez

Water

100

The upper surface of groundwater is called the: A) top water B) water table C) surface layer D) upper liquid

B) water table

200

A(n) _________ is an underground layer of rocks, sand, or gravel that contains usable groundwater and releases it in significant amounts. A) Water table B) Effulent C) Aquifer D) Perennial stream

C) Aquifer

300

A stream that only flows during or shortly after rainfall or during snowmelt may be called _____________. A) annual B) ephemeral C) yearly D) perennial

B) ephemeral

400

Overdraft occurs when we take ________. A) take less ground water than can be replaced naturally B) take an equal amount of ground water as can be replaced C) take more ground water than can be replaced naturally D) replace the ground water we have taken with polluted water.

C) take more ground water than can be replaced naturally

500

) 97% of all water on earth is in the oceans. Which of the following is the correct order of the Earth's water storage compartments?: A) Oceans, atmosphere, lakes, groundwater, rivers, ice caps. B) Oceans, groundwater, rivers, ice caps, atmosphere, lakes. C) Oceans, ice caps, groundwater, lakes, atmosphere, rivers. D) Oceans, lakes, ice caps, groundwater, atmosphere, rivers.

C) Oceans, ice caps, groundwater, lakes, atmosphere, rivers.

Pollution

100

Organic chemicals are _________ -based compounds.

A) carbon B) nitrogen C) oxygen D) hydrogen

200

A carcinogen is: A) associated with Down syndrome B) a toxin that increases the risk of cancer C) a gene disorder with the potential to cause birth defects D) disordering of the genes during crossover in meiosis

B) a toxin that increases the risk of cancer

300

A smoke stack releasing toxic metals is an example of a source pollution. A) mobile B) released C) point D) continuous

C) point

400

As a toxic substance moves through the food chain, it becomes ____________________ in concentration, the _____________ organism in the food chain will likely receive more harm than a _____________ trophic level organism. A) biomagnified, top level, bottom level B) reduced, top level, bottom level C) biomagnified, bottom level, bottom level D) biomagnified, bottom level, top level

A) biomagnified, top level, bottom level

500

The three most toxic metals to humans are: A) mercury, thallium, and lead B) mercury, nickel, and gold C) lead, nickel, and cadmium D) nickel, platinum, and selenium

A) mercury, thallium, and lead

Oceans

100

The oceans are warmed by the sun in the tropics. These warmed waters expand and flow north (in the Northern Hemisphere) along the surface, bringing their heat to northern latitudes. As they reach the North, these warm waters give up their heat and, as they cool, condense, become heavier, and sink, returning in the depths to the tropics. This global circulation is called the __________. A) ocean graveyard B) ocean highway C) ocean stairwell D) ocean conveyor

D) ocean conveyor

200

Continental shelves make up only ________% of the oceans, yet provide more than ______ of the fishery harvest, and ______ of the worldÕs fish catch are made in upwellings. A) 10, 90, 1/2 B) 90, 10, 1/2 C) 90, 10, 1/10 D) 10, 90, 9/10

A) 10, 90, 1/2

300

Aquaculture is: A) the farming of clean water B) the culture of dominant marine species C) the cultivation of things that live in water D) the cultivation of mangroves in swamps

C) the cultivation of things that live in water

400

Upwellings cause nutrients to be ________. A) locked in ocean sediments B) mixed in ocean sediments with shellfish C) released from ocean sediments into the water column D) dissolved and disintegrated from ocean plants

C) released from ocean sediments into the water column

500

In the United States, at least ______% of the nation’s commercial shellfish beds have at times been closed (mostly temporarily) because of pollution. A) 20 B) 5 C) 1 D) 80

A) 20

Energy

100

The United States, with 5% of the world’s population, uses about _____ of the total energy? A) 2% B) 5% C) 20% D) 50%

C) 20%

200

The United States gets most of its electric power from which source? A) coal B) oil C) solar D) wind

A) coal

300

4) Name the three major nuclear radiation particles A) gamma, alpha, beta B) microwave, gamma, radiate C) sonic, theta, alpha D) radio wave, microwave, infrared

A) gamma, alpha, beta

400

The least environmentally friendly energy is from__________. A) oil B) coal C) natural gas D) geothermal

B) coal

500

Acid runoff is most associated with which of the following mining activities? A) Underground mines. B) Strip mining. C) Metamorphic soil digging. D) Close pit mining.

B) Strip mining