Blood Vessels
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
Veins, arteries and capillaries
What are the main components of blood?
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma
What are the four main blood types in the ABO system?
The four main blood types are A, B, AB, and O.
Name two types of blood disorders we dicussed this unt.
anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemochromatosis
Which organ is responsible for producing blood cells through a process called hematopoiesis?
bone marrow from inside long bones
Describe the function of arteries in the circulatory system.
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues.
What is the primary function of erythrocytes cells?
transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and return carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
Explain why type O is considered the universal donor.
because it has no A or B antigens on the surface of its red blood cells, reducing the risk of an immune reaction in recipients.
What is anemia, and what are its common causes?
deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, which can result from iron deficiency, chronic diseases, or genetic disorders.
What is the origin of vampire myths related to blood?
ancient folklore and cultural fears of death, disease, and the unknown associated with blood.
Describe the function of veins in the circulatory system.
Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
What is the primary function of leukocytes?
Immune system response
What happens during an incompatible blood transfusion?
can cause agglutination, where the recipient's immune system attacks the transfused blood cells, leading to serious complications.
Describe thrombocytopenia and its potential effects on the body.
a condition where there is a low platelet count, which can lead to excessive bleeding and bruising.
What is the average volume of blood in an adult human body?
about 5 to 6 liters
What role do capillaries play in the exchange of substances?
Capillaries facilitate the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste between blood and surrounding tissues.
What is plasma, and what does it contain?
the liquid component of blood, containing water, electrolytes, proteins, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
How can a blood type affect organ transplant compatibility?
compatibility is crucial for organ transplants; mismatched blood types can lead to rejection of the transplanted organ.
What is hemochromatosis, and how does it affect iron metabolism?
a genetic disorder that causes excessive absorption of iron, leading to iron overload in the body and potential damage to organs.
In folklore, what are vampires said to do with blood?
vampires are said to drink blood to maintain their vitality and immortality.
Explain how the blood vessel structure adapts to varying blood pressure.
Blood vessel structure, such as elastic walls in arteries, helps accommodate high blood pressure, while veins have valves to prevent backflow.
How does the composition of blood vary in different physiological conditions?
Blood composition can vary with hydration levels, altitude, and certain medical conditions, affecting the number of cells and the concentration of plasma proteins.
Describe the significance of Rh factor in blood compatibility.
The Rh factor is significant because Rh-negative individuals can develop antibodies against Rh-positive blood, making transfusions and pregnancies complicated.
What are some potential treatments for blood disorders?
dietary changes, medications, blood transfusions, and in some cases, bone marrow transplants.
How does the body regulate blood pressure through the circulatory system?
mechanisms such as adjusting the diameter of blood vessels, heart rate, and blood volume, primarily controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems.