Founding & Constitution
What document declared that the colonies were free from British rule?
Declaration of Independence
What major issue divided the North and South before the Civil War?
Slavery
What term was used for wealthy industrialists accused of exploiting workers and crushing competition?
Robber Barons
What 1898 war helped the United States gain overseas territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines?
Spanish-American War
What was the severe economic crisis that began after the stock market crash of 1929?
Great Depression
What principle divides power between the national government and state governments?
Federalism
What were people called who wanted to end slavery?
Abolitionist
What reform movement tried to fix problems caused by industrialization, corruption, and urban poverty?
Progressive Era
What is the policy of a powerful country controlling weaker territories for economic or political gain?
Imperialism
What was Franklin D. Roosevelt’s program to provide relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression?
The New Deal
What system prevents one branch of government from becoming too powerful?
Checks and balances
What document freed enslaved people in Confederate states during the Civil War?
Emancipation Proclamation
What were journalists called who exposed corruption and social problems?
Muckrakers
What policy did the U.S. follow before entering World War I, trying to avoid involvement?
Neutrality
What event caused the United States to enter World War II?
Attack on Pearl Harbor
What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution called?
The Bill of Rights
Which amendments ended slavery, granted citizenship, and protected voting rights for Black men?
13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
What organizations were created to fight for better wages, hours, and working conditions?
Labor Unions
What was the long conflict between the United States and Soviet Union after World War II called?
Cold War
What movement fought to end segregation and protect equal rights for African Americans?
Civil Rights Movement
What power allows the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional?
Judicial review
What were the segregation laws created in the South after Reconstruction?
Jim Crow laws
What term means breaking up monopolies to increase competition?
Trust-busting
What Cold War policy was used to justify U.S. involvement in Vietnam to stop the spread of communism?
Containment
What economic policy supported tax cuts, deregulation, and reduced government spending?
Reaganomics