Authors
This author emphasizes the importance of continuity when studying the evolution of intelligent behaviors, meaning that we ought to look at 'cognitive ripples'.
Who is Frans de Waal
Actions are good in proportion to the happiness they generate. Actions are bad in proportion to the pain they generate
What is Utilitarianism? Also: Universalistic Hedonism, AKA Happiness Theory
The father of gynecology was infamous for testing his new methods on people who had been enslaved.
Who is Dr. Sims?
What is the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?
The self-centered world of an organism
What is Umwelt?
This author thinks that ethical views about plants need to catch up with the scientific discoveries about plants that have been made in the last ten years.
Who is Michael Marder, who is Marder?
It is better to support from below than control from above
What is Daoism?
This horse may not have been able to do math, but he was intelligent enough to read the body language of his human handler.
Who is Kluger Hans? AKA Clever Hans
This practice became widespread in an American colony in response to concerns about overpopulation.
What is coerced sterilization of people in Puerto Rico?
The environmental challenges and situations according to which an organism must adapt
What is ecological niche?
Argues for a ban on non-therapeutic plastic surgery on minors
Who is Baker?
Never act unless the principle behind your action can be conceived of as a universal law without a contradiction arising.
What is Kantianism? Also, Deontology
This African Grey parrot was able to identify shapes and colors.
Who is Alex?
This 1961 court case found a doctor guilty as an accessory to maiming even though he was not involved in the physical act of maiming.
What is State v. Bass?
The feminine, nurturing part of power, which often appears weak.
What is yin?
This social scientist studied the motivations of people seeking rhinoplasties.
Who is Frances Macgregor?
Real power is the power to control yourself--specifically your mind
What is Stoicism?
This philosopher of biology was famous for his theory of evolution, and he also wrote about the parallels between human and animal emotional expression
Who is Charles Darwin?
In 2012, elite scientists published a declaration wherein they consider whether or not non-humans can be counted as conscious beings.
What is The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness?
According to legal standards, this must be informed and rational to be legitimate.
What is consent?
It is moral to sacrifice the happiness of the majority only if the sacrifice is a necessary condition for maximizing the overall happiness of the population.
What is Utilitarianism, AKA Happiness Theory, AKA Universalistic Hedonism?
This formerly enslaved woman's testimony helped historians to understand that concepts of childhood and adulthood were often arbitrarily applied to the bodies of people who had been enslaved.
Who is Hilliard Yellerday?
In 1942, the UN made a new proclamation about the rights of a vulnerable class of beings.
What is the Proclamation of Children's Rights?
This surgery can be used to Westernize eyes that have an epicanthic fold (or normalize eyes in cases where a person only has one epicanthic fold)
What is a blepharoplasty?