Important people in Ethics
Who is the person who wrote "The Virtue of Selfishness?"
Who is Ayn Rand
What is Consequentialism?
What is an ethical theory that looks at the best outcome / best consequences of a situation. Essentially the act is right or wrong solely based on the end result.
What is Utilitarianism?
What is an ethical theory that believes an action is right if it both produces the best outcome and has the greatest net happiness/pleasure rather than pain.
What is Kinetic pleasure?
What is quick pleasure.
Example: eating a delicious cookie because the pleasure will be gone soon after you eat it.
If someone says that all people should have the right to vote, is that an objective or subjective idea?
Subjective because not everyone agrees with this viewpoint, it is an opinion.
The first women to publicly write/talk about women's suffrage and equal rights to education.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft
What is Psychological Egoism?
What is an ethical theory that believes that humans ONLY act for self-interest. Yes, people may help others but in reality it’s for that person's own self-gain and to make themselves feel better.
What is Negative Utilitarianism?
What is an ethical theory that minimizes suffering first and then maximizes happiness.
What is Katastematic pleasure?
What is long lasting pleasure.
Example: marriage
bias or unbiased + why: “You can’t possibly be a computer engineer, that’s a man’s job!”
Bias because it assumes that people who do not identify as a man can not have that specific job. It assumes that there is a difference in ability and intelligence between a man and a person who does not identify as a man (such as a woman).
Who is the person who came up with the concept that women are treated as "Other" while men were treated as "Self" ?
Who is Simone de Beauvior
What is Hedonism?
What is an ethical theory that maximizes happiness first and then minimizes pain.
what is Ethical Egoism?
What is an ethical theory that suggests people's moral decision making SHOULD be entirely based on their own self-interest. This is different from psychological Egoism which says that humans ONLY have the capacity to act for their own self-interest.
What is Act Utilitarianism?
This utilitarian theory focuses on the act and results of that specific act. Believers of this think that an act is morally right if it produces the best results for the largest number of people.
Roe V. Wade (the legalization of getting an abortion) being overturned directly correlates to the goals of what ethical theory? Hedonism, Rule Utilitarianism, Feminist Ethics, or Consequentialism
What is Feminist Ethics
Feminist Ethics goals are: Understand, criticize, and correct how gender operates within our moral beliefs and systems. It looks at how gender is used to maintain oppression in society -- this goes hand in hand with the government controlling a woman's right to choose to or to not have an abortion.
Who came up with the terms of Katastematic pleasure and kinetic pleasure?
Who is John Stuart Mill
What is Hedonistic Egoism?
What is an ethical theory that believes people should act in a way that best suits their needs/ wants because that makes them happy. They should not care about the consequences of their own, or other peoples, actions.
What is Divine Command Theory?
What is an ethical theory that believes that an action is morally right if God commands it and an action is morally wrong if God forbids it.
What is Rule Utilitarianism?
This Utilitarian theory thinks about the type of action and IF it comes from a specific rule that maximizes happiness.
Does donating money to charity fall into the category hedonistic utilitarianism, why or why not?
This is subjective, but for the most part it would fall into this category. Hedonistic Utilitarianism believes that an action is right/good if it produces the greatest happiness for everyone involved.
It usually makes people feel good to donate to a charity because that means that they are helping people in need. However, some people would rather keep their money to themselves instead of donating it somewhere.
Who came up with the Hedonistic Calculus?
Who is Jermey Bentham
What is Hedonistic Utilitarianism?
What is an ethical theory that believes an action is considered good and right if it produces the greatest net happiness for everyone involved in the situation.
What is Cultural Relativism?
What is an ethical theory that suggests that there is no universal standard that we can judge cultures by. This is because each culture is different and have different values and belief systems. No outside culture should interfere with another culture based on their own beliefs and values.
What is Hedonistic Calculus?
The Hedonic Calculus is one of the central ideas created by Jermey Bentham. Essentially this is combining hedonism, (the pursuit of pleasures and avoidance of pains) and democracy (majority rule). The hedonic calculus is used to evaluate how much pleasure or pain would be caused by an action.
What are two pros and and two cons of Self-Interest?
This answer is subjective. But here is an example:
Pro: It’s natural to give high priority to one’s needs and personal goals
Pro: Self-Interest can lead to innovative ideas
Con: Self-interest can lead to corruption
Con: Self-Interested people usually do not care about the consequences of their actions which can be harmful