Legal frameworks
What UK Act places the welfare of the child as paramount (including the year)
Children Act 1989
The term used to describe a child under 16 who can consent to their own treatment
Gillick competent
Physical, emotional, sexual and neglect are all examples of what?
Abuse
This principle/pillar means acting in the patients best interest
Beneficence
Provide a definition for confidentiality in healthcare
Confidentiality means protecting personal information. Professionals should not disclose personal matters about patients or service users unless given permission to do so, or it is absolutely necessary.
This is an important, legally binding agreement signed by 196 countries (as of 12 July 2022) which outlines the fundamental rights of every child, regardless of their race, religion or abilities.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)
This guideline specifically relates to consent for contraceptive advice and treatment
Fraser guidelines
A child repeatedly misses important healthcare appointments without explanation name at least 2 things you would do?
- Ring the family to ask why they were absent
- Document the DNA
- Refer to the safeguarding lead of the area
Avoiding harm to the child is known as this ethical principle/pillar
Non-maleficence
What theme of the code discusses confidentiality?
-Prioritise people
-Practice effectively
-Preserve Safety
-Promote Professionalism and Trust
Prioritise people
This act governs how personal data, including children's health records, must be handled (including the year)
Data protection act 2018 (UK GDPR).
If a 15 year old refuses to have an important IV infusion. They understand the benefits and risks, however the parents want their child to have this treatment. Can the child's choice be overridden and why?
Yes. Gillick competency allows children to accept treatment but refusal can sometimes be overridden.
The Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985 was created to protect young girls from FGM, however it did not initially cover offences committed abroad by UK residents. What act in England replaced the above (including the year)?
Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003.
A 14 year old girl wants to accept the HPV vaccine, what ethical principle/pillar is being applied here?
Autonomy
If a 15 year old understands the risk and benefits of using contraception does the nurse/nursing associate have to alert the parents that their child is on contraception and why?
No according to the Fraser guideline
What famous children's safeguarding case triggered the creation of the Children Act 2004?
Victoria Climbe
What aged children are presumed to have capacity unless proven otherwise according to the Mental Capacity Act 2005?
16-17 year olds
What multi‑agency guidance allows you to prioritise child safety over confidentiality when there is a risk of harm.
Working together to safeguard children 2023.
There is one clinic appointment available but 2 children need it. Child 1 is very well known to the team and attends regularly. Child 2 is new and from a disadvantaged background and has been waiting for a long time for this appointment. The nurse/nursing associate gives the appointment to child 2.
What ethical principle/pillar has been applied here?
Justice
What specific section of the code states 'share with people, their families and their carers, as far as the law allows, the information they want or need to know about their health, care and ongoing treatment sensitively and in a way they can understand' (?.?)
5.5
A 14 year old accepts a blood transfusion as a form of treatment. They understand the risks and benefits of the treatment, however their parents refuse the treatment on religious grounds.
Is the child allowed this treatment if so why?
Yes due to Gillick competency.
If a child's decision conflicts with their parents decision what court may make the decision?
Family court or high court.
What RCN toolkit should be used when you want to communicate a safeguarding red flag?
RCN raise a concern toolkit
Do children under the age of 16 need consent from parents/guardians to take part in research/clinical trials if they are Gillick competent and WHY?
Yes all children under 16 need to get consent to take part in research or clinical trials before the researchers approach the child.
What age does a child have to be for parent's/guardians to have restricted access to a child's medical records?
11 years old- they can book appointments can request prescriptions only. At age 16 all access is removed.