Utilitarianism Kant Be Right
Mill breaks with a purely quantitative hedonism by insisting that, in ranking pleasures, we must weigh not just quantity but also this.
What is quality?
An argument is comprised of a conclusion and this other sort of claim.
What are premises?
This is the word we use to describe an action that one must do, morally.
What is morally obligatory?
Marquis discusses this sort of person to show that killing is wrong not merely because the person who is killed will be missed.
What is a hermit?
This is the view of constitutional interpretation according to which (roughly) the original public meaning of a legal text fixes it meaning.
What is originalism?
The organ-harvesting thought experiment we discussed in class is most problematic for this version of utilitarianism.
What is act utilitarianism?
We say an argument has this property when the truth of its premises would guarantee the truth of its conclusion
Marquis locates the wrongness of killing not in any trait of the victim but in depriving them of this.
What is a future (of value)?
In his majority opinion for this case, Alito distinguished abortion from precedents on contraception, sodomy, and marriage by insisting abortion is different because it destroys "fetal life."
What is Dobbs?
According to Kant, one should always treat others not just as ends, but as this too.
What is persons?
Can an invalid argument have a true conclusion?
According to principlism, moral principles are not absolute, but rather they have this property.
What is prima facie?
Thomson grants for the sake of argument that a fetus is this.
What is a person?
Roe and Casey both rely on what clause of what constitutional amendment?
What is the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment?
This sort of utilitarian would argue that, when considering whether an act is ethical, you must consider its consequences for utility if everyone were to act in a similar manner.
What is a rule utilitarian?
The conclusion of a sound argument always has this property.
What is truth?
These are the four principles in principlism.
What are autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice?
Thomson claims that the right to life is not the right to not be killed, but rather the right to not be killed in this way.
What is unjustly?
Casey held that a state may regulate abortion at any stage of pregnancy so long as, prior to viability, these regulations do not have this feature.
What is an undue burden?
Kant says that it is impossible to benefit yourself by destroying yourself to argue that what action is morally impermissible.
What is suicide?
Can an unsound argument have a true conclusion?
Yes
Beauchamp gives discusses the harm of venipuncture on a donor, in order to provide a blood transfusion to save someone else's life, to show that nonmaleficence does not always outweigh this principle.
This is the premise in pro-life arguments that Thomson attacks with her violinist thought experiment.
A person's right to life is stronger than a woman's right to bodily autonomy.
In his concurring opinion in Dobbs, Roberts argued that these two findings in Roe and Casey are distinct, and that the Court could throw out one while keeping the other.
What are (a) the right to get an abortion and (b) viability as the point at which a state can proscribe access to abortion?