Studies
What was the aim of MacNamara's 2015 study?
to investigate the effectiveness of SSRIs on the treatment of PTSD symptoms.
Why is informed consent important when administering drugs to participants?
Because they have a right to know what side effects the treatment might have and what is will do to their body.
What are the two old and outdated methods of treating mental illness that we talked about?
Lobotomy - a procedure in which the nerve pathways in a lobe or lobes of the Brain are severed form those in other areas
Trephining - cutting a hole in the skull to release the "bad spirits" or "pressure" that supposedly created the mental illness
What is one biological etiology of PTSD?
smaller hippocampus, hyper-responsive amygdala, genetics
What is hypo- and hyper- responsive?
hypo-responsive -> less responsive
hyper-responsive -> more responsive
What study was a counterargument for the effectiveness of SSRIs on the treatment of PTSD symptoms?
Friedman et al. (2007)
Why should researchers be sensitive when debriefing patients taking part in experiments the deal with PTSD therapy?
What is fear extinction?
The process of removing (extinguishing) a conditioned fear.
What is cognitive restructuring?
A process in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) of identifying and changing inaccurate negative thoughts about emotional stimuli.
What does HPA axis stand for?
Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland
Which study used victims of car crashes and what was the aim of that study?
Felmingham et al. (2007). To assess the neurological effects of exposure therapy (in the form of imagination therapy) ang cognitive restructuring.
What psychological method of treating PTSD would be the best for small children and why?
Systematic desensitisation because it is the least stressful.
What is systematic desensitisation and why could it be considered more ethical than e.g. flooding?
Is it a type of exposure therapy which gradually exposes someone to increasingly arousing stimuli.
Because it is more gradual hence less stressful.
Which study required deception of the participants? (it also needed anonymity and a good debriefing)
What part in the brain might shrink due to chronic stress?
The hippocampus
Which two studies were meta-analyses in the treatment of PTSD chapter? (biological or psychological)
Ipser et al. (2006) and Parsons and Rizzo et al. (2008)
Could using a placebo in studying the effectiveness of SSRIs be considered unethical? Why?
Yes, because it gives patients a false idea of getting better and after the experiments their symptoms might come back.
What is two obvious limitations of imagination therapy?
Also, the clinician cannot see what the person is thinking so it may be hard for them to manage the sessions.
Low volume in the hippocampus is a symptom or ethology of PTSD?
Both
hehe
What were the three slave systems according to the Working Memory Model?
Episodic buffer, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad
State the Methods and Results of Rothbaum et al. (2001)
Methods: 10 vietnam war veterans. VR treatments. 8x90 minutes, 2 times a week. 5-7 weeks. 2 environments. 1. Huey helicopter flying over a landscape that looked like Vietnam. 2. being in a field surrounded by jungle. used CAPS to assess progress
Results: All patients had a reduction in symptoms when they had a check up to 6 months after the treatment. Reduction ranged from 15% to 67%.
Why can ET be considered unethical?
Because it evokes considerate amounts of stress on the patients.
How do SSRIs work?
They block the reuptake of serotonin into the axon terminal, making serotonin constantly stay in the synaptic cleft and send constant signals to the body.
According to Garrison et al. (1995), which race had the highest prevalence rates?
Blacks
40 seconds to write as many studies as you can remember
doinfreijnvi