Keywords and Key Concepts
Refers to the peoples in the United States who originate from Latin America.
What is Latina/o/x/é?
This self-proclaimed Xicana activist is known as "the great negotiator" due to her role in advocating for labor rights in the Central Valley and beyond.
Who is Dolores Huerta?
The exception allowing slavery as punishment for a crime was a deliberate result found in this Amendment.
What is the 13th Amendment?
The sacred formation that Maestro Jerry Tello teaches is devoid of any social hierarchies in Chapter 1 of his book Reclaiming your Sacredness.
What is the "sacred circle"?
The exact date, time, and location of our Final Exam.
When is Thursday, 12:10-2:00 p.m. in Room Sycamore 216?
Belonging to a social group, subgroup or population of people who share common cultural backgrounds.
What is Ethnicity?
This Central Valley city served as one of the main locations Black Southerners relocated to from states like Oklahoma for what they referred to as a "subtler kind of racism."
What is South Dos Palos?
The 1942 law that forced Japanese Americans and “anyone of Japanese heritage” into an incarceration camp.
What is Executive Order 9066?
A Lakota phrase that describes our connections to all living and non-living things in multiple and vital ways.
Mitákuye Oyás’iŋ
He argues that U.S. racial formations are historically structured to sustain White dominance while positioning other groups, including Asians, in ways that maintain that hierarchy.
Who is Gary Y. Okihiro?
Refers to those who constitute 573 federally recognized tribal nations as well as Native Hawaiians, American Samoans, Chamorros of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, and Taino/Jibara- identified peoples of Puerto Rico.
“Those which, having a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies."
What is Indigenous?
This Filipino American hero is credited with being one of the founders of the United Farm Workers or UFW.
Who is Larry Itliong?
The U.S. President that started the War on Drugs.
Who is Richard Millhouse Nixon?
He exclaimed, “America is a continent and cannot be monopolized by a single country like the United States. American has no borders. It actually runs from Alaska to Patagonia.”
Who is Alfonzo X. Alcaron
This early 20th century film perpetuated racist stereotypes and made it mainstream.
What is "Birth of a Nation"?
An undefined space in-between to clearly demarcated social categories where people feel subjugated or oppressed from multiple points.
What are the Borderlands?
This historic African American figure won a court decision at the CA Supreme Court that permitted his son to attend an all-White high school in Visalia prior to the Brown v. Board of Education case, which would impact black public school students for generations.
Who is Edmond Wysinger?
What is The New Jim Crow?
The theory that Xicana writer Gloria Anzaldúa expressed that states, “[it] depends on the breaking down of [old] paradigms... a change in the way we perceive reality, the way we see ourselves, and the ways we behave.”
What is New Mestiza Consciousness?
The organization that authored model bills to expand mass incarceration.
Who is the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)?
The process of ascribing racial meaning to people or groups, and categorizing them based on race, while subjecting them to unequal treatment.
What is Racialization?
The tribal name of the ancestral stewards of the land we currently stand on.
Who are the Wukchumni?
The U.S Army officer who founded the first Native American Boarding school know as the Carlisle Indian School.
Who was Richard Henry Pratt?
A Diné or Navajo teaching that expresses, "living in balance, harmony, and beauty."
What is Hózhó?
One of the most persistent stereotypes in the U.S. that perpetuates the racist belief that people of Asian racial backgrounds excelled in fields purely due to their race.
What is the Model Minority Myth?