The legal status of the first Africans who arrived in Virginia in 1619 before the codification of slavery.
What is indentured servants?
The term used to describe the disorderly, low-class crowd that the elite feared would cause an uprising.
What is the rabble?
The original plan for Native Americans, as outlined by the Virginia Company, was to take their children to teach them English and this.
What is Christianity?
The legal status applied to Native Americans that Thomas Jefferson would have viewed as a "civilized" status.
What is assimilated (or farming/non-hunting)?
The term for an individual who is legally bound to work for a master for a set period to pay for passage to America.
What is an indentured servant?
The key difference between an indentured servant and a slave.
What is an indentured servant worked for a set period and was then free, while a slave was property for life?
The primary reason an "unruly underclass" of white freemen and servants formed in Virginia.
What is the elite buying all the best land and passing laws that lengthened indentures?
The highly profitable cash crop that drove Virginia colonists' relentless demand for Powhatan land.
What is tobacco?
The name of the harrowing voyage enslaved Africans endured across the Atlantic Ocean.
What is the Middle Passage?
The political-economic conflict that shook the elite, which Takaki describes as a "class war."
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
The significant legal sentence given to the black runaway John Punch in 1640, making him a servant for life.
What is permanent servitude (or lifetime servitude)?
The term Takaki uses to describe Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, which pitted poor whites and black laborers against the wealthy planters.
What is a class war?
The English used this derogatory Old World comparison to define Native Americans as "savages" from the start.
What are the wild Irish?
The way historians still find Olaudah Equiano's account valuable, despite some questions about his personal history.
What is its vivid and accurate description of the pain and terror experienced by millions of captives?
The term for a violent uprising against authority or government, which the planters feared and wanted royal troops to suppress.
What is an insurrection?
This is the decade when Virginia's legislature passed laws officially establishing lifetime servitude for Black people and defining a slave as property.
What are the 1660s?
The immediate effect Bacon's Rebellion had on the elite planters of Virginia.
What is it convinced them of the danger of relying on a large armed white labor force?
The English justification for taking New England land after they found vast stretches abandoned.
What is that Native Americans were "lazy" and did not work the land as hard as the English?
Thomas Jefferson's reason for continuing to own and sell slaves despite believing slavery was immoral.
What is that he was constantly in debt?
The philosophical term for the action of ending a system or institution, which Jefferson recommended for slavery.
What is abolition?
The reason Virginia's black population grew slowly compared to colonies like Barbados, according to Takaki.
What is the Virginia colonists' desire to create a white society like England?
The ultimate choice the Virginia planters made after Bacon's Rebellion to maintain social order and power.
What is to reorganize society based on race by importing more African slaves?
The stated goal of the English in Virginia regarding Native people by the year 1629.
What is to "root out" the Indians from being any longer a people?
Jefferson's quote, "we have the wolf by the ears," in the context of slavery.
What is that slavery was a grave problem the nation could neither safely get rid of nor continue to hold without risking disaster?
The prejudiced view that Native Americans were "uncivilized" or lacked European refinement, used to justify colonization.
What is barbarous?