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What qualitative research design studies the culture, traditions, beliefs, behaviors, and way of life of a group of people by observing and interacting with them in their natural environment?
Ethnography
According to *Creswell and Poth (2018)*, ethnography is a qualitative research design in which researchers study the shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, language, and culture of a group by spending time in their natural setting. This allows researchers to understand the group's way of life from the participants' perspective.
Give *two* fields where ethnography is commonly applied.
Any two:
* Education * Healthcare * Business * Psychology * Community Development
*Explanation (RRL):* According to *Hammersley and Atkinson (2019)*, ethnography is widely used in education, healthcare, business, and community studies because it helps professionals understand people's behaviors, cultures, and social interactions in real-life settings.
What is the main purpose of ethnography?
A. To compare numerical data
B. To understand a group's culture, beliefs, behaviors, and daily life
C. To test a scientific experiment
D. To predict future events
*B. To understand a group's culture, beliefs, behaviors, and daily life*
*Explanation (RRL):* According to *Ary et al. (2019)*, the purpose of ethnography is to describe and interpret the culture of a social group by understanding how members think, behave, and interact in their everyday lives.
Name *one* strength of ethnography.
Any one:
* Rich and detailed information * Real-life observation * Deeper understanding of behavior
*Explanation (RRL):* *Merriam and Tisdell (2016)* explain that one of the greatest strengths of ethnography is its ability to produce rich, in-depth descriptions of people's lives, allowing researchers to understand the meaning behind their actions and interactions.
Name three key characteristics of ethnography.
Any three: * Studies culture * Natural setting * Long-term observation * Participant observation * Rich, detailed data
*Explanation (RRL):* *Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun (2019)* explain that ethnographic studies are conducted in natural environments, require prolonged engagement with participants, and focus on collecting detailed descriptions of cultural practices.
Which research title is most appropriate for an ethnographic study?
A. The Effect of Fertilizer on Plant Growth
B. The Culture and Daily Practices of Street Food Vendors in Tagum City
C. Solving Quadratic Equations Using Different Methods
D. The Relationship Between Height and Basketball Skills
*B. The Culture and Daily Practices of Street Food Vendors in Tagum City*
*Explanation (RRL):* *Spradley (2016)* states that ethnographic research focuses on understanding the customs, behaviors, and daily experiences of a cultural or social group. Therefore, research topics that explore culture and everyday life are most suitable.
Which of the following is *NOT* a common data collection method in ethnography?
A. Interviews
B. Observation
C. Focus Group Discussion
D. Solving mathematical equations
*D. Solving mathematical equations*
*Explanation (RRL):* According to *Creswell and Poth (2018)*, ethnographic researchers commonly collect data through participant observation, interviews, field notes, focus groups, and document analysis. Mathematical calculations are not a primary method of collecting qualitative data.
A researcher spends six months living with an indigenous community, joins their daily activities, interviews community members, and records their traditions. What qualitative research design is being used?
*Ethnography* *Explanation (RRL):* *Fetterman (2020)* describes ethnography as a research approach where the investigator becomes immersed in a community to observe, participate, and understand the group's culture from an insider's perspective.
Which of the following is a limitation of ethnography?
A. It is time-consuming.
B. It always uses experiments.
C. It only studies numbers.
D. It guarantees results that apply to everyone.
*A. It is time-consuming.*
*Explanation (RRL):* According to *Creswell and Poth (2018)*, ethnographic studies often require months or even years of observation. Because they usually focus on one community or group, their findings cannot always be generalized to other populations.
Complete the statement:
"Ethnography is a qualitative research design that studies a group's ________, ________, ________, and ________ through observation and interaction in their natural environment."
*Culture, traditions, beliefs, and way of life* (or *behaviors*)
*Explanation (RRL):* According to *Creswell and Poth (2018)*, ethnography seeks to understand the shared culture of a group by examining its beliefs, behaviors, language, customs, and daily experiences through prolonged engagement in the natural setting.