Roman Architecture
What did Emperor Hadrian commission that changed Roman architectural history?
Pantheon
Were wealthy Etruscan families buried together or separately?
Together, in family tombs called tumuli
Did Constantine move the capital from Rome to Palatine Hill?
No, he moved it to Byzantium/Constantinopl
Describe Augustus of Primaporta’s form.
Idealized, youthful, contrapposto, divine authority
What is tufa?
Volcanic stone used for Etruscan temples
What type of columns were used on each level of the Colosseum?
Doric (bottom), Ionic (middle), Corinthian (top)
What is a “tumuli”?
An artificial mound of earth and stones placed over a grave
Who was murdered on the Ides of March?
Julius Caesar
How were Etruscan sculptures different from Greek Archaic works?
Etruscans were more animated and dynamic; Greeks were rigid
Define oculus.
Circular opening at the top of a dome
What material allowed Romans to create vast interior spaces without internal columns?
Concrete
What are Etruscan sculptures known for?
Liveliness, movement, and terracotta craftsmanship
What emperor issued the Edict of Milan, ending persecution of Christians?
Constantine
What does “veristic style” mean, and give an example.
Hyper-realistic, aged depiction; example: Patrician Carrying Busts
Define triclinium.
Roman dining room with three couches
What was the main function of coffers in Roman domes and ceilings?
To reduce weight and add decoration
What were the interiors of Etruscan tombs decorated to resemble?
Domestic interiors with furniture and frescoes
Which emperor annexed the city of Petra?
Trajan
What building was dedicated to Emperor Hadrian’s architectural vision of divine harmony?
The Pantheon
What is a propylaea?
Monumental gateway
Which architectural monument depicts Trajan’s victories in the Dacian Wars?
The Column of Trajan
Why is The Sarcophagus of the Spouses significant for gender roles?
Shows Etruscan women as social equals and affectionate, unlike Greek or Roman depictions
In 27 BCE, the Senate granted the title “Augustus” to whom?
Octavian (Augustus Caesar)
What scene does the Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus depict?
Chaotic battle between Romans and barbarians (symbolizing good vs. evil)
Define domus.
Private Roman house