Government
Who were the consuls?
two leaders that had complete control but could veto laws passed by each other
Who were Plebeians?
Lowly people, (who were mostly farmer), at the bottom of the economy.
what are indulgences?
funds that relaxed the penalty of sin
Who was Julius Caesar?
became the sole ruler of Rome in 46 B.C. and established order in Rome
what are aqueducts?
arched buildings used to carry water to parts of the empire.
What is the Feudal System?
a social structure that was organized like a pyramid
Who were patricians?
Wealthy landowners who could take part in government and make laws.
What was the reformation?
The movement to reform Christianity.
Who was Caesar Augustus?
nephew of Julius Caesar, who took the throne after Julius died
What does veto mean?
to reject a decision made by the other consul.
What is a democracy?
a government in which people can influence law and vote for representatives.
What did Philosophers do?
people who examined questions of the universe, searching for answers.
What were the crusades?
wars waged by the church to take back the holy lands from Muslim control
Who was Alexander the great?
the son of Philip, who extended his father's empire
What was the golden age?
a period of wealth and power during which democracy developed further and Greek culture flourished.
what is a republic?
a form of government in which the people elect leaders who govern according to the law.
who were the serfs?
people who farmed the lord's land, that were at the bottom of the triangle.
What was the renaissance?
a rebirth of art and learning in Italy
Who was Philip of Macedonia?
a leader who took advantage of the weakened city - states and conquered Greece
Who were barbarians?
German tribes that began invading the empire from the north.
What were the Twelve Tables?
bronze tablets that set down the rights and responsibilities of Roman Citizens
What are aristocrats?
Upper class noblemen, who began to act as advisers of the king
what is perspective?
to make paintings as if they had three dimensions
Who was King Darius 1?
king of the Persian empire, became fierce enemies with Athens and Sparta
what is a city - state?
an independent community that includes a city and its surrounding territory.