Feudalism
What was the system of government where land was exchanged for loyalty and service?
Feudalism
What were medieval farmers called?
Peasants
Who was the leader of the Catholic Church in medieval Europe?
The Pope
What were the Crusades?
Religious wars between Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land
What tool did sailors use to find direction at sea?
The Astrolabe
Who were the landowning nobles who gave land to vassals?
Lords
What was the center of village life where people worshiped?
The Catholic church
What are large churches built in Gothic style called?
Cathedrals
What was the main goal of the Crusaders?
To capture Jerusalem and the Holy Land
What was the effect of new farming technology like the heavy plow?
Increased food production
What was the land given to a vassal called?
Fief
What is the name of the building where nobles lived and protected peasants during attacks?
A castle
What was the role of monasteries in medieval society?
Centers of learning, copying manuscripts, and providing charity
Name one effect of the Crusades on Europe.
Increased trade, cultural exchange, or weakening of feudalism
What trade routes connected The middle east and china?
The Silk Road
Who worked the land but could not leave without permission?
Serfs/ peasants
What did knights promise to follow that required them to be loyal, brave, and protect the weak?
The Code of Chivalry
What was excommunication, and why was it powerful?
Banning someone from the Church and Heaven; it pressured rulers to obey the Pope
what was the name of the Battle that took place in France?
The Battle of Tours
What invention helped spread knowledge by making books more available after the Middle Ages?
The printing press
Why was feudalism developed in Europe after the fall of Rome?
To provide protection and order in a time of chaos
What was the difference between peasants and serfs?
Peasants could leave the land, but serfs were bound to it
How did the Church influence education during the Middle Ages?
Monks, priests, and universities preserved and taught knowledge
Which city was the most important goal of the Crusaders?
Jerusalem
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