The Beginning of European Colonizations
What was the major motivation for European exploration?
God, Gold, Glory
Who was the famous Italian explorer, funded by the Spainish monarchy, that was often miscredited for discovering parts of North America?
Christopher Columbus
What is the name of the major European motivator that focused on converting as many natives to Christianity?
God.
How did the English view the natives?
As savages.
Which European group was most widely known for intermarriage with the native population?
The French.
What 3 European countries were involved in the Europe's Age of Exploration?
England, France, Spain
What "sweet" crop was popularized throughout "New Spain"?
Sugar cane.
What type of "frontier" were the French known for? (Inclusion or Exclusion)
Inclusion (Remember, they often intermarried with the natives and made them trading partners.)
How many colonies did the English set-up?
13.
What is the name for the significant interaction between the new and old world that brought many diseases, livestock, coffee, and fruit from Europe to the Americas?
The Columbian Exchange.
Which European nation was the first to establish a permanent settlement in the Americas?
Spain
What two individuals are known for debating the ethics of the Encomienda system (known as the Valladolid debate)?
Bartolomé de las Casas & Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda
What was the primary goal of the French during their colonization efforts in North America?
Fur trading
Roanoke.
Which European country was the first to use enslaved labor?
Spain
How did the European exploration affect many Indigenous people in the Americas?
They died from diseases.
What was the name of the hierarchy system used to categorize the citizens of New Spain?
The Casta System.
What religious individuals came to the Americas to convert natives to Christianity?
Missionaries.
What was the name of England's first colony?
Ireland.
Where did Columbus think he arrived?
Asia
What motivation of European colonization was fueled by the desire for power and fame?
Glory
Who was the famous conquistador that was credited with conquering the Aztecs?
Hernan Cortes
What part of the Americas did the French colonize?
The America Midwest in North America and Canada.
What was given by a monarch to companies and individuals giving them a monopoly over a particular trading area in the Americas?
A charter.
What is mercantilism?
The idea that a nation could grow rich at the expense of another nation through trade.